(5) Muscular System

Question 1

Origin: ligaments of the dorsal midline
Insertion: scapular spine
Primary Actions: lifts, advances, & retracts scapula
Innervation: accessory n.

Answer 1

m. trapezius

Question 2

Origin: ligaments of the dorsal midline
Insertion: medial side scapular cartilage
Primary Actions: lifts & advances scapula, lifts neck
Innervation: cervical & thoracic spinal nn.

Answer 2

m. rhomboideus

Question 3

Origin: transverse processes of caudal cervical & cranial thoracic vertebrae, first 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion: medial side of scapula & scapular cartilage
Primary Actions: supports trunk, lifts neck, advances & retracts scapula
Innervation: cervical spine nn, long thoracic n.

Answer 3

m. serratus ventralis

Question 4

Origin: fascia of shoulder & arm
Insertion: transverse processes of cranial cervical vertebrae
Primary Actions: advances limb, lateral next flexion
Innervation: cervical spine n,

Answer 4

m. omotransversarius

Question 5

Origin: Occipital bone, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: medial fascia of arm & forearm, lateral side of humerus, deltoid tuberosity
Primary Actions: lateral neck flexion, shoulder extension, advances limb
Innervation: cervical spine nn., accessory n.

Answer 5

m. brachiocephalicus
m. cleidobrachialis
m. cleidocephalicus
(m. cleidomastoideus)

Question 6

Origin: spinous processes of thoracic & lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: medial humerus
Primary Actions: limb retraction, shoulder flexion
Innervation: thoracodorsal n.

Answer 6

m. latissimus dorsi

Question 7

Origin: sternum & cranial costal cartilages
Insertion: medial humerus & fascia of arm & forearm
Primary Actions: limb adduction
Innervation: cranial & caudal pectoral nn.

Answer 7

m. pectoralis superficialis (superficial pectoral m.)

Question 8

Origin: sternum, ribs, abdominal fascia
Insertion: craniomedial humerus
Primary Actions: adduction & retraction of limb, advances trunk when limb is weight-bearing
Innervation: cranial & caudal pectoral nn.

Answer 8

m. pectoralis profundus (deep pectoral m.)

Question 9

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Primary Actions: stabilization & extension of shoulder
Innervation: suprascapular n.

Answer 9

m. supraspinatus

Question 10

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Primary Actions: stabilization & flexion of shoulder
Innervation: suprascapular n.

Answer 10

m. infraspinatus

Question 11

Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: medial humerus
Primary Actions: shoulder stabilization
Innervation: subscapular n.

Answer 11

m. subscapularis

Question 12

Origin: caudal border of scapula
Insertion: medial humerus (teres major tuberosity)
Primary Actions: shoulder flexion
Innervation: axillary n.

Answer 12

m. teres major

Question 13

Origin: caudal border scapula
Insertion: proximal to deltoid tuberosity
Primary Actions: shoulder flexion
Innervation: axillary n.

Answer 13

m. teres minor

Question 14

Origin: scapular spine
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Primary Actions: shoulder flexion
Innervation: axillary n.

Answer 14

m. deltoideus

Question 15

Origin: coracoid process of medial humerus scapula
Insertion: medial humerus
Primary Actions: shoulder extension
Innervation: musculocutaneous

Answer 15

m. coracobrachialis

Question 16

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: cranial aspect of proximal radius & ulna
Primary Actions: elbow flexion, shoulder extension
Innervation: musculocutaneous

Answer 16

m. biceps brachii

Question 17

Origin: caudal aspect of proximal humerus
Insertion: medial aspect of proximal radius
Primary Actions: elbow flexion
Innervation: musculocutaneous n.

Answer 17

m. brachialis

Question 18

Origin: caudal border of scapula, proximal humerus
Insertion: olecranon process
Primary Actions: elbow extension, shoulder flexion (long head only)
Innervation: radial n.

Answer 18

m. triceps brachii

Question 19

Origin: caudolateral humerus
Insertion: olecranon process
Primary Actions: elbow extension
Innervation: radial n.

Answer 19

m. anconeus

Question 20

Origin: caudal border of scapula (via epimysium of triceps m.)
Insertion: olecranon pascess, deep antebrachium
Primary Actions: elbow extension, tensing of forearm fascia
Innervation: radial n.

Answer 20

m. tensor fasciae antibrachii

Question 21

Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle
Insertion: cranial aspect of proximal metacarpus
Primary Actions: carpal extension
Innervation: radial n.

Answer 21

m. extensor carpi radialis

Question 22

Origin: craniolateral radius
Insertion: medial metacarpus
Primary Actions: carpal extension
Innervation: radial n.

Answer 22

m. extensor carpi obliquus (abductor digiti I longus)

Question 23

Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle
Insertion: distal phalanx
Primary Actions: digital extension, carpal extension
Innervation: radial n.

Answer 23

m. extensor digitorum communis (common digital exensor m.)

Question 24

Origin: lateral collateral ligament of elbow, proximal radius & ulna
Insertion: dorsal aspect of digit
Primary Actions: digital extension, carpal extension
Innervation: radial n.

Answer 24

m. extensor digitorum lateralis (lateral digital extensor m.)

Question 25

Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle Insertion: lateral metacarpus, accessory carpal bone Primary Actions: carpal flexion Innervation: radial n.

Answer 25

m. extensor carpi ulnaris (m. ulnaris lateralis)

Question 26

Origin: medial humeral epicondyle Insertion: medial aspect proximal radius Primary Actions: elbow flexion Innervation: median n.

Answer 26

m. pronator teres

Question 27

Origin: medial humeral epicondyle Insertion: palmeromedial aspect of proximal metacarpus Primary Actions: carpal flexion Innervation: median n.

Answer 27

m. flexor carpi radialis

Question 28

Origin: medial humeral epicondyle, olecranon Insertion: accessory carpal bone Primary Actions: carpal flexion Innervation: ulnar n.

Answer 28

m. flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 29

Origin: medial humeral epicondyle Insertion: middle phalanx Primary Actions: digital flexion, carpal flexion Innervation: ulnar n.

Answer 29

m. flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial digital flexor m.)

Question 30

Origin: medial humeral epicondyle, caudal radius, medial olecranon Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx Primary Actions: digital flexion, carpal flexion Innervation: median & ulnar nn.

Answer 30

m. flexor digitorum profundus (deep digital flexor m.)

Question 31

Origin: Sacrum, sacrosciatic ligament, ischial tuber Insertion: Patellar ligament, patella, & tibia via femoral & crural fascia, calcaneal tuber Primary Actions: Extension of hip & stifle (cranial part of m.); flexion of stifle & extension of hock (caudal part) Innervation: Caudal gluteal & tibial nn.

Answer 31

m. biceps femoris Im. gluteobiceps in ruminants)

Question 32

Origin: Sacrum & caudal vertebrae, sacrosciatic ligament, ischial tuber Insertion: Cranial tibia, crural fascia, calcaneal tuber Primary Actions: Extension of hip, stifle, & hock (when weight-bearing); flexion of stifle (when limb off ground) Innervation: Caudal gluteal & tibial nn.

Answer 32

m. semitendinosus

Question 33

Origin: Caudal vertebrae, sacrosciatic ligament, ischial tuber Insertion: Medial distal proximatedial Primary Actions: Extension of hip & stifle (when weight-bearing); flexion of stifle (when limb off ground) Innervation: Caudal gluteal & tibial nn.

Answer 33

m. semimembranosus

Question 34

Origin: Ventral aspects of lumbar vertebrae, ilium, sacrum Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur Primary Actions: Flexion of hip Innervation: Ventral branches of lumbar spinal nn.

Answer 34

m. iliopsoas

Question 35

Origin: Ilium Insertion: Medial fascia of stifle Primary Actions: Flexion of hip, extension of stifle Innervation: Femoral n.

Answer 35

m. sartorius

Question 36

Origin: Proximal femur (vastus mm), body of ilium (m. rectus femoris) Insertion: Patella Primary Actions: Extension of stifle, flexion of hip (rectus only) Innervation: Femoral n.

Answer 36

m. quadriceps femoris: - m. rectus femoris - m. vastus lateralis - m. vastus intermedius - m. vastus medialis

Question 37

Origin: Tuber coxae Insertion: Fascia lata Primary Actions: Flexion of hip, extension of stifle Innervation: Cranial gluteal m.

Answer 37

m. tensor fasciae latae

Question 38

Origin: Gluteal fascia Insertion: Third trochanter of femur Primary Actions: Abduction of hip Innervation: Cranial & caudal gluteal nn.

Answer 38

m. gluteus superficialis

Question 39

Origin: Wing of ileum, tuber coxae, sacrum, sacrosciatic ligament Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Primary Actions: Extension of hip Innervation: Cranial gluteal n.

Answer 39

m. gluteus medius

Question 40

Origin: Body of ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Primary Actions: Abduction of hip Innervation: Cranial gluteal n.

Answer 40

m. gluteus profundus

Question 41

Origin: Pelvic symphysis Insertion: Medial aspect tibial crest Primary Actions: Adduction of limb Innervation: Obturator n.

Answer 41

m. gracilis

Question 42

Origin: Pubis Insertion: Medial aspect proximal tibia Primary Actions: adduction of limb, flexion of hip Innervation: Obturator n.

Answer 42

m. pectineus

Question 43

Origin: Ventral pelvis Insertion: Medial femur Primary Actions: Adduction of limb Innervation: Obturator n.

Answer 43

m. adductor

Question 44

Origin: Ventral sacrum Insertion: Caudal proximal femur Primary Actions: Outward rotation of hip, hip extension Innervation: Sciatic n.

Answer 44

m. quadratus femoris

Question 45

Origin: Ventral pelvis, covering obturator foramen Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of proximal femur Primary Actions: Outward rotation of hip, limb adduction Innervation: Obturator n.

Answer 45

External obturator m. (m. obturatorius externus)

Question 46

Origin: (Absent in ruminants) foramen insturator pelvic canal Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of proximal femur Primary Actions: Outward rotation of hip, hip extension Innervation: Sciatic n.

Answer 46

Internal obturator m. (m. obturatorius internus)

Question 47

Origin: Ischium Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of proximal femur Primary Actions: Outward rotation of hip, hip extension Innervation: Sciatic n.

Answer 47

mm. gemelli

Question 48

Origin: Lateral aspect of lateral femoral condyle Insertion: Caudoproximal tibia Primary Actions: Stifle flexion Innervation: Tibial n.

Answer 48

m. popliteus

Question 49

Origin: Caudal aspect of femoral condyles Insertion: Tuber calcanei Primary Actions: Hock extension Innervation: Tibial n.

Answer 49

m. gastrocnemius

Question 50

Origin: Caudodistal femur, between heads of m. Gastrocnemius Insertion: Tuber calcanei, plantar aspect of middle phalanx Primary Actions: Hock extension, digital flexion Innervation: Tibial n.

Answer 50

m. flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial digital flexor m.)

Question 51

Origin: Craniolateral aspect proximal tibia Insertion: Medial tarsus & metatarsus Primary Actions: Flexion of hock Innervation: Peroneal n.

Answer 51

m. tibialis cranialis

Question 52

Origin: Extensor fossa of distolateral femur Insertion: Cranial aspect of distal tarsus & proximal metatarsus Primary Actions: Flexion of hock Innervation: Peroneal n.

Answer 52

m. peroneus tertius

Question 53

Origin: Head of fibula & lateral femoral condyle Insertion: Plantar aspect of distal tarsus & metatarsus Primary Actions: Flexion of hock Innervation: Peroneal n.

Answer 53

m. peroneus longus

Question 54

Origin: Extensor fossa of distolateral femur Insertion: Dorsal aspect of distal phalanx Primary Actions: Flexion of hock, extension of digits Innervation: Peroneal n.

Answer 54

m. extensor digitorum longus (long digital extensor m.)

Question 55

Origin: Proximal fibula Insertion: Middle phalanx (artiodactyls), tendon of long digital extensor (Equidae) Primary Actions: Flexion of hock, extension of digits Innervation: Peroneal n.

Answer 55

m. extensor digitorum lateralis (lateral digital extensor m.)

Question 56

Origin: Proximocaudal tibia Insertion: Plantar aspect distal phalanx Primary Actions: Extension of hock, flexion of digits Innervation: Tibial n.

Answer 56

m. flexor digitorum profundus (deep digital extensor m.)