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Y2 Dermatology > Skin Immunology > Flashcards

Skin Immunology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is a cytokine?

A

a protein sent by one cell and recognised + responded to by another

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2
Q

what is hypersensitivity?

A

an overreaction to an antigen

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3
Q

what forms the keratin layer?

A

terminal differentiation of keratinocytes to corneocytes

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4
Q

what are three structural proteins in the keratin layer and epidermis?

A

filaggrin
involucrin
keratin

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5
Q

what is another name for the keratin layer?

A

the stratum corneum

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6
Q

what is the immunological role of keratinocytes?

A

sense pathogens via cell surface receptors and help mediate an immune response

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7
Q

what can activate a keratinocyte?

A

UV

sensitisers

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8
Q

what three immune components can keratinocytes produce?

A

AMPs
cytokines
chemokines

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9
Q

what do AMPs do?

A

directly kill pathogens

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10
Q

in which disease have high levels of AMP been found in the skin?

A

psoriasis

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11
Q

what do cytokines and chemokines do?

A

recruit and regulate the cells of the immune system

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12
Q

what type of cell is a langerhans cell?

A

dendritic

antigen presenting cells

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13
Q

what is the main resident immune cell of the skin?

A

langerhans cells

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14
Q

what characterises the langerhans cells?

A

the birbeck granule

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15
Q

what T cells are found in a health epidermis?

A

CD8 mainly

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16
Q

what T cells are found in a health dermis?

A

CD4 and CD8

17
Q

what T cells are found in psoriasis?

A

TH1

TH17

18
Q

what T cells are found in atopic dermatitis?

A

TH2

TH17

19
Q

where are T cells produced?

A

bone marrow

20
Q

where are T cells sensitised?

A

thymus

21
Q

what are CD4 T cells?

A

T helper cells

22
Q

what are the two types of CD4 cells?

A

TH1

TH2

23
Q

what do TH1 cells do?

A

activate macrophages

24
Q

what do TH2 cells do?

A

help B cells make antibodies

25
Q

what are CD8 T cells?

A

cytotoxic T cells

26
Q

what do CD8 cells do?

A

kill infected cells

27
Q

what are the two types of dendritic cells found in the dermis?

A

dermal

plasmacytoid

28
Q

what do dermal dendritic cells do?

A

play a role in antigen presentation

secrete cytokines and chemokines

29
Q

where are plasmacytoid dendritic cells found?

A

dermis of diseased skin

30
Q

what do plasmacytoid dendritic cells do?

A

produce IFNa

31
Q

where is the MHC found?

A

chromosome 6

32
Q

what cells have MHC I?

A

almost all cells

33
Q

what do MHC I molecules do?

A

present endogenous antigens to CD8 cells

34
Q

where are MHC II found?

A

APC’s

35
Q

what do MHC II molecules do?

A

present exogenous antigens to CD4 cells

36
Q

name three factors that can affect the skins immune response?

A

transplants
UV
ageing

Y2 Dermatology (17 decks)

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