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BPT annoying facts > Hematology 2 > Flashcards

Hematology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How andexanet works?

A

Cleave Factor Xa = no thrombin

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2
Q

PT measures?

PTT measures?

A

Ability to clot

Blood thinning drug ability

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3
Q

What plays role in initiation of coagulation cascade?

A

TF + F7a

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4
Q

what plays role in amplification of coagulation cascade?

A

Thrombin - self amplify

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5
Q

Thrombin activates what factors?

A

F5+8+9 = so produce more thrombin

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6
Q

What criteria needed for secondary hemostasis?

A

-ve charge phospholipid surface
Calcium + temperature
enough coagulation factors and fibrinogen

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7
Q

Initiation phase occurs in what pathway?

Amplification phase occurs in what pathway?

A

Intrinsic - initiation

Extrinsic - amplification

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8
Q

HBF consists of what chain?

A

2 alpha and 2 gamma globin chains
-before birth High HbF + gamma globin

-After birth - Hb rapidly increases

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9
Q

Erythropoiesis process takes place where before and after birth?

A

Before birth - liver

After birth + delivery = bone marrow

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10
Q

Hemoglobin constant spring (HBH) - what is it?

A

Non-deletional form of Alpha chain point mutation

-more severe

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11
Q

Leucocyte Alkaline Phosphatase = LAP
high in what?
Low in what?

A

High - physiological response/ PV/ET (mature WBC)

Low - CML/AML ( immature WBC)

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12
Q

Transfusion dependent Thalassemia are?

A

non-deletional HBH
Alpha thalassemia major
Beta thalassemia major
Beta thalassemia major/ HBE

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13
Q

Proteins in hereditary spherocytosis?

Proteins in hereditary eliptocytosis?

A

Affected vertical

Affected horizontal

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14
Q

Fanconi anemia clinical features?

A

Progressive pancytopenia - BM failure
AML
Head, neck, oropharyngeal carcinoma

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15
Q

Gardner syndrome?

A

Subtype of FAP (colon + extra colonic tumors)

-osteomas of skull/ Thyroid cancer/Fibromas/Desmoid tumors

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16
Q

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) are strongly associated with what condition?

What antibodies strongly associated with PNP?

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma/ CLL

Periplakin/Envoplakin

17
Q

Test for vWF disease?

A

1)vWF antigen - check vWF protein level

2)vwF RCo (gold standard) - check vWF quality
: Usage of Ristocetin (abx) to promote platelet aggregation + vWF release

3)F8 levels

18
Q

CAR T-cell therapy function?

A

Modify T cells receptors to enable them to recognize cancer cells and attack via perforin + grannzymes

Receptors becomes chimeric

  • Antigen-binding
  • T-cell activating function
19
Q

BiTE therapy function?

A

Form link between T cell and tumor cells

-T cell perform cytotoxic stuff INDEPENDENT of MHC I/co-stimulatory

20
Q

Hepatic sinusoidal obsturction syndrome usually a/w what?

A

HSCT - post 1 month

21
Q

Repitilase does what?

A

Purified reptilian acts as thrombin

Cleaves fibrinopeptide A - generates fibrin

22
Q

Thrombin does what?

A

Cleaves both fibrinopeptide A and B to generate fibrin clot

23
Q

NADPH source in RBC relies on?

A

Pentose monophosphate shunt ( the only way)

24
Q

In Polycythaemic Rubae Vera - which mutation has best prognosis?

A

CARL+ve

2nd is isolated JAK+ve

25
Q

CLL is disorder in what?

A

B cell - hypogammaglobulinemia

26
Q

DLBCL

  • DNA microanalysis that has good prognosis?
  • DNA microanalysis that has bad prognosis?
A

Good prognosis - Germinal B-cell DLBCL

Bad prognosis -Activated B-cell DLBCL (ABC)

27
Q

Cold AIHA antibody towards?

Warm AIHA antibody towards?

A

Cold - CD3

Warm - IgG

28
Q

Mantle Cell lymphoma has what phenotype?

A

CD19 - its a B cell lymphoma
CD23 NEGATIVE!!
Cyclin D1 expression

29
Q

Hairy Cell Leukemia does not express what?

A

CD5

30
Q

How to distinguish anemia of chronic disease and anemia of iron deficiency?
(Functional status IDA)

A

sTFR - soluble transferrin receptor INCREASED IN IRON DEFICIENCY

low in chronic disease - hemachromatosis/hypoalbuminemia

31
Q

Which blood group more susceptible to Cholera?

A

O group - unclear mechanism

32
Q

What differentiate CLL from CML?

A

CD23 POSITIVE

Smudge cells

33
Q

When Treat CLL?

A

SALE

Splenomegaly/Symptomatic - B symptoms
AIHA/ITP
Lymphocytosis - doubling >50% in 2 months
Enemia/Thrombocytopenia

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