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BPT annoying facts > Infectious Disease 6 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve most affected in VZV?

A

Fifth nerve (trigeminal) - opthalmic branch

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2
Q

VZV affects Fifth nerve - geniculate nucleus

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

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3
Q

Rabies virus targets what?

A

Neurons via Acetylcholine receptor!

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4
Q

congenital rubella syndrome features?

Rubella ( without congenital) features?

A

Sensorineural deafness
Congenital heart disease - PDA/pulmonary stenosis
Cataracts

Fever - eruptive descending rash - face to torso+ limbs

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5
Q

What viruses are DNA?

A

Hep B, B19 parvovirus
CMV
VZV

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6
Q

Commonest aspergillus species to cause disease in humans?

A

Fumigatus

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7
Q

Histoplasmosis - has dual effect?

A

inside body = yeast

outside body = mould

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8
Q

Histoplasmosis rare complication?

A

Mediastinal lymph nodes - inflamed and fibrosis

Ocular chorioretinitis

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9
Q

Treatment for;
Mucormycosis
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcus neoformans

A 
Amphotericin B
(mucormycosis = echinocandins)
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10
Q

Oral candidiasis in HIV/immunosuppressed patients - Treatment?

A

Oral fluconazole

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11
Q

Antifungals that most ;
Nephrotoxic
Contraindicated in pregnancy, Long QT, agranulocytosis
Pancytopenia

A

Nephrotoxic = Amphotericin

Contraindicated in pregnancy, Long QT, agranulocytosis = Voriconazole

Pancytopenia = Flucytosine

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12
Q

Special about Mycobacterium TB?

A

Lipid rich

Likes dry location, slow proliferation

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13
Q

Extrapulmonary TB - most specific and sensitive test?

A

Pleural biopsy!!!

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14
Q

Pyrazinamide MOA?

A

Intracellular acidification inside the granuloma

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15
Q

Ethambutol MOA?

A

disrupt cell wall

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16
Q

Why use moxifloxacin in TB?

A

To increase Rifampicin dose (synergistic effect)

Meningitis TB

17
Q

Treatment for MAC TB?

A

Macrolide - Azith/Clarith

RE for 12 months

18
Q

Cholera toxin does what?

A

Latch onto GM1 ganglioside - Increase cAMP - More CI - NA + H20 passively excreted - secretory diarrheal

19
Q

Commonest cause of Traveller’s diarrheal?

A

E. Coli ETEC 0157 strain

2nd commonest = shigellalosis

20
Q

Salmonella presentation and treatment?

A

Rose-coloured spot + bloody diarrheal + Intestinal perforation

Tx : Fluoroquinolones

21
Q

Borrellia spirochete causes?

Leptospira spirochete causes?

A

Borellia - Lyme disease

Leptospira - Leptospirosis

22
Q

Most severe form of Malaria?

Most highest mortality rate-form of Malaria?

A

P. Falciparum

P. Vivax

23
Q

Malaria parasites hides and grow where?

A

Hepatocytes -become Schizonts

Exo-erythrocytic phase

24
Q

Erythrocytic phase means?

A

Merozoites within schizonts rupture - infect more RBC

25
Q

Malaria mosquitoes picks up what?

A

Gametocytes - mature to become sporozoites in mosquito salivary gland

26
Q

P vivax and ovale - what significant about them?

A

Hyponozoites - dormant phase

Need Primaquine and again - 14 days later

27
Q

Fever pattern for malaria species;
Falciparum
vivax and ovale
Malarie

A

Falciparum - continuous fever every 36 hours
Vivax, ovale - Fever every 2nd day
Malarie - Fever every 3rd day

28
Q

Prophylaxis malaria drug?
Mekong area
Everywhere else

A

Mekong - Atovaquone + Proguanil
IF Severe form - Artemeter - Lumefantrine for extended period of time

everywhere else Choloroquine

29
Q

When to use Tenofovir?

A

1st line + Co-infection with HIV + safest in pregnancy

+ lamivudine resistance

30
Q

Interferon alpha not useful in what type of Hep B?

A

Pre-core mutant

31
Q

American Trypanosomiasis treatment? - Chagas Triatomine

African Trypanosomiasis treatment? - Trypan Brunei

A

Tx Chagas - Nitro + imidazole

Tx African Trypan - Pentamidine

32
Q

Commonest cause of CHRONIC Traveler’s diarrhea?

Treatment for it?

A

Giardiasis lamblia

Metronidazole

33
Q

Best test to differentiate PUO from factitious fever?

A

ESR

34
Q

How hiprex ( methenamine hippurate) works as UTI prophylaxis?

Hiprex contraindicated in?

Hiprex no use in what condition?

A

Need Acidic urine pH < 5.5
-it will dissolve to form ammonia and formaldehyde ( bactericidal)

Contraindicated;

  • Hepatic dysfunction - it releases ammonia
  • renal dysfunction
  • Sulfonamides usage - it binds to formaldehyde becomes insoluble

No use in;
indwelling catheter - too much drainage - can’t form formaldehyde
Proteus infection - proteus alkaline the urine

35
Q

Listeria always resistant to what drug?

How it evade immune system?

A

Cephalosporins - hence use benzylpenicillin

Hijack actin polymerisation propulsion - spread cell to cell without extracellular environment

BPT annoying facts (62 decks)

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