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BPT annoying facts > Endocrinology 3 > Flashcards

Endocrinology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Z score used when?

A

Pre-menopausal

Men < 50 years old

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2
Q

Bisphosphonate treatment marker?

A

PINP

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3
Q

Most potent biphosphonate?

A

Zolendronic acid

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4
Q

Paget’s disease a/w what virus?

A

Paramyxoviruses

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5
Q

Specific signs of Grave’s disease

A

Pretibial myxedema

Grave’s ophthalmopathy - exophthalmos

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6
Q

When is RAI contraindicated?

When use RAI?

A

Pregnancy
Graves’ ophthalmopathy

MNG
Failed medical therapy

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7
Q

Diagnostic test for iodine deficiency?

A

24 hours urinary iodine collection

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8
Q

Hashimoto pathogenesis?

A

CD8 T cells + TPO = causing colloid atrophy

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9
Q

What type of thyroid nodules suspicious of malignancy?

A

Cold nodules

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10
Q

When biopsy thyroid nodules?

A

Nodules > 20 mm

Nodules > 10 mm + high risk features
-narrow length, calcification, hypoechoic

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11
Q

Serotonin syndrome antidote?

A

1st line - Benzodiazepines

2nd line - Cyproheptadine ( H1 inverse agonist - anti-histamine)

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12
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome antidote?

A

Bromocriptine - D2 to overwhelm blockade of RYR1

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13
Q

Aldosterone produced by what enzyme, site?

A

ACEII enzyme at AT1R ( at zona glomerulosa)

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14
Q

Urinary NA results mean?

A

< 1% = pre-renal
> 2% = ATN

Use when no signs of GN/CKD/Diuretics usage

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15
Q

Normal saline causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis - why?

A

Paradox - High Renin - high vascular resistance

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16
Q

Cystatin C produced and absorbed where?

A

Glomerulus and absorbed at PCT

17
Q

Hyaline cast produced where?

A

uromodulin ( Tamm-horsfall protein) in LOH

18
Q

Myogloburinuria - how to detect it?

A

Urine dipstick +++ but no RBC in sediment

Low Calcium but high K

19
Q

Most abundant protein secreted in urine?

A

Uromodulin/ Tamm-horsfall protein

20
Q

ICF - main ions

ECF - main ions

A

ICF (international sensation) - Kpop4

ECF - NACI

21
Q

Periventricular nucleus secretes?

A

Somatostatin

22
Q

Paraventricular nucleus secretes?

A

Everything, all hormones

23
Q

Arcuate nucleus secretes?

A

GH and Dopamine

24
Q

Ventromedial nucleus secretes?

A

GnRH - LH/FSH

25
Q

Supraoptic nucleus secretes?

A

Melatonin, ADH, Oxytocin

26
Q

GLUT2 receptor function

A

absorb BGL and insulin release

27
Q

Catecholamines inhibit what?

A

insulin

28
Q

Glucagon mechanism of action?

A

acts on G protein coupled receptors - glycogen synthesis

29
Q

If extracellular Calcium low - what happens?

A

NA channel opens to extract intracellular Ca - then hypocalcemia tetany

30
Q

Main intracellular pathway signalling for mitosis?

A

MAP kinase = G1 cyclin proteins produced

31
Q

TGF-b acts on?

A

Serine (SMAD) proteins -regulatory

Osteoclasts

32
Q

JAK-STAT pathway is what?

A

promote blood cell division, cell growth pathway

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