cell part 2

Question 1

nuclei

Answer 1

control center of the cell
separates DNA and RNA
DNA controls all functions of the cells

Question 2

number of nuclei in a cell

Answer 2

most cells have one nucleus from the exception of muscle cells which can have many and mature RBc/s have none.

Question 3

parts of the nucleus

Answer 3

chromatin inside (detangled strands from chromosomes)
around it is the nuclear envelop
along the nuclear envelop is are the nuclear pores
endoplasmic reticulum is attaches to it
and polyribosomes

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

code for specific proteins

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

we have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

combined a large subunit and a small subunit to form a functional complete ribosome. ribosome aligns the mRNA with the tRNA forming a protein

Question 7

free ribosomes

Answer 7

proteins for inside use

Question 8

attached ribosomes

Answer 8

membrane or secretory proteins

Question 9

ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 9

helps store newly synthesize molecules (proteins)
surface are for chemical reaction
transport molecules to various parts of the cell

Question 10

Rough ER

Answer 10

helps with the packaging and storage of proteins and forms glycogen. produces secretory membrane

Question 11

Smooth ER

Answer 11

synthesis fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids and detoxifies various chemical. If you have to synthesis more Lipids then the smooth ER is bigger

Question 12

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

this is for muscle cell, helps to sequester Ca+ ions for contraction

Question 13

golgi apparatus ( complex)

Answer 13

receives proteins and lipids in vesicles, helps package and store them, help them in packaging them more complex

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

1. )digest bacteria and other substances from phagocytosis vesicles.
2. ) recycles membrane components from endosomes
3. ) autophagy- digesting of old organelles
4. ) autolysis- eating own cell host after death of the cell (disease)
5. ) digest of debris and then fuses with membrane to expulse that out of the cell

Question 15

peroxisomes

Answer 15

smaller than lysosomes
contain two enzymes to help detoxify the cell from toxic substances.
they also have the ability to replicate themselves

Question 16

oxidase

Answer 16

removes hydrogen ion and forms peroxide H2O2

detoxifies substances such as phenol, formic acid formaldehyde and alcohol

Question 17

catalase

Answer 17

the breaking down of peroxide (decomposition )

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

powerhouse of the cell
this is where aerobic respiration( produce of ATP)
contains own DNA and can self replicate

Question 19

aerobic respiration

Answer 19

most efficient can produce 36-38 ATP/glucose

Question 20

anaerobic respiration

Answer 20

only 2 ATp/glucose produced

Question 21

mitochondria enzymes

Answer 21

are located in the matrix and cristae

Question 22

what is the cell skeletal composed of

Answer 22

1. ) microfilaments
2. ) intermediate filaments
3. ) microtubules

Question 23

microfilaments (Exterior of cell)

Answer 23

is the smallest but strong filaments made up of actin
helps with cell structure and movement (locomotion )
muscle contraction, cell division

Question 24

intermediate filaments (interior of cell)

Answer 24

filaments inside the cell,
support for organelles
intermediate in size, solid filaments made up of different proteins depending on cell type

Question 25

microtubules

Answer 25

big and hollow tubulin, originates from the centrosome of the cell (right beside the nucleus,
helps transport of material in the cytoplasm
forms flagella, cilia and centrioles

Question 26

flagella

Answer 26

tail -like, helps to move an entire cell

Question 27

cilia

Answer 27

helps move substances along the surface of the cell q

Question 28

centrioles

Answer 28

formation of microtubules,
builds mitotic spindle in cell division
centrioles involves in formation and generation of flagella and cilia

Question 29

transport protein

Answer 29

transport substances within the cell, use microtubules as pathways (roads)

Question 30

cytoplasmic inclusions

Answer 30

temporary structures, accumulated secretions or storage of cell products .material ingested by cells
examples are
triglycerides, mucin, melanin, glycogen