PNS

Question 1

what is the PNS composed of

Answer 1

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
autonomic nerves
(all nerves outside of the brain)

Question 2

What is an Afferent nerve

Answer 2

nerves that are in charge of sensory information

Question 3

what are the 2 types of divisions of afferent nerves

Answer 3

somatic nerves- carries signals from the skin, muscle, bone, and joint receptors
Visceral sensory division- carries signals from the organs and tx in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 4

What is an efferent nerve

Answer 4

in charge of motor information

Question 5

somatic motor division

Answer 5

Efferent nerves that carries signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

Question 6

Visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system)

Answer 6

controls the part of the body we do not have conscious control over
-sympathetic division “fight or flight “
parasympathetic division back to the homeostasis

Question 7

List the type of nerves in the PNS

Answer 7

Afferent- contain sensory fibers responsible for communicating information about stimuli.
Efferent neurons- motor fiber responsible for relaying information to the muscular system
Mixed Neurons- contain both sensory and motor fiver

Question 8

cranial nerve number 1

Answer 8

the olfactory nerve

sensory functions include the sense of smell

Question 9

cranial nerve number 2

Answer 9

the optic nerve

sensory functions include the sense of vision.

Question 10

cranial nerve number 3

Answer 10

the oculomotor nerve
motor functions include moving the eyelid and eye muscles
Autonomic nervous system functions include the moving the lens and the constriction of the pupil.

Question 11

cranial nerve 4

Answer 11

the trochlear nerve

motor functions include the eye muscles

Question 12

cranial nerve 5

Answer 12

the trigeminal nerve
sensory to touch, pain, temperature sensation in face and mouth. 
autonomic- chewing muscles 
3 branches 
ophthalmic nerve 
maxillary nerve 
mandibular nerve

Question 13

cranial nerve 6

Answer 13

the abducen nerve

moving the the eye muscles

Question 14

cranial nerve 7

Answer 14

the facial nerve
motor- facial expressions
autonomic nervous system- functions include triggering the secretion of saliva and tears

Question 15

cranial nerve 8

Answer 15

vestibulocochlear nerve aka auditory nerve
sensory- hearing and balance
motor functions- modifying inner ear hair cells in response to sound waves.
autonomic nervous system
vestibular nerve- carries impulses for equilibrum
cochlear- impulses for hearing

Question 16

cranial nerve 9

Answer 16

glossopharyngeal nerve
sensory- taste sensations from the tongue and pharynx
motor- swallowing and speech production
ANS- saliva secretions

Question 17

cranial nerve 10

Answer 17

the Vagus nerve
sensory- taste,BP, breathing and HR, and visceral sensations
motor-swallowing, coughing, and speech production
autonomic- main nerve in control of ANS, mostly parasympathetic

Question 18

cranial nerve 11

Answer 18

Accessory Nerve
motor- swallowing and the movement of the head and shoulders
ANS- control muscles of the pharynx and larynx

Question 19

cranial nerve 12

Answer 19

the hypoglossal

movement of the tongue

Question 20

What does the ANS do ?

Answer 20

controls vital functions that are not under conscious control. Serves the vsicera, glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
main function is to regulate homoeostasis.

Question 21

what are the types of neurons in the ANS ?

Answer 21

Autonomic Ganglion: the point at which the neurons diverge
-preganglionic neuron-the first neuron in the pair
release acetylcholine to stimulate the postganglionic neuron.
postganglionic neuron- the second neuron in the pair that leads to the effector neuron- secretes noradrenaline

Question 22

what is the principle of mass activation

Answer 22

Principles of mass activation- one preganglionic neuron can excite a large number of postganglionic fibers

Question 23

what are the two subdivisions of the ANS?

Answer 23

Sympathetic nervous system- fight or flight

parasympathetic- reversing the effects of the SNS

Question 24

where is the sympathetic division located

Answer 24

spinal nerves include thoracic (T1-T2) and lumbar (L1-2)

paravetebral gangli- located close to the vertebral column

Question 25

Adrenal glands

Answer 25

located on tp of kidneys-contains inner medulla modified sympathetic neurons. they produce adrenaline and noreadrenaline to enhance sympathetic postglanglia activity

Question 26

what are the parasympathetic nerves ?

Answer 26

cranial nerves 3,7,9,10

contain sacral spinal nerves S2-4

Question 27

What is a cholinergic receptors

Answer 27

neurons that release ACh
two kinds of postsynaptic membrane that bind to ACh
Nicotinic Receptors: Occur in sympathetic & parasympathetic postganglionic neurons and motor end plates at neuromuscular junctions.
Muscarinic Receptors: Found in all effectors stimulated by the parasympathetic system.
Includes smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands.

Question 28

what are the adrenergic receptors

Answer 28

release norepinephrine (NE)
make up the majority of the SNS postganglions 
noreepinephrine tends to linger in the synapses longer than acetylcholine

Question 29

hypothalamus

Answer 29

: Integrates & regulates ANS function. Includes cardiac & pulmonary function, sweating, vasodilation & constriction

Question 30

reticular formation

Answer 30

Reticular Formation: Contains centers for cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor, & gastrointestinal functions.

Question 31

spina; cords

Answer 31

: Contains centers that regulate the excretory system, without brain involvement.