cardiovascular system Flashcards
volume of blood circulation
5-6 L in males
4-5 in females
functions of blood ?
transportation (gases, nutrients, hormones, etc.)
Regulation (pH buffer, temperature)
protection (clotting, WBC transport)
hepatocytes produce most of what plasma proteins ?
albumin- controls fluid movement, carries drugs
globulin-part of immune/ antibodies group
fibrinogen- clotting substance
WBC’s
around 4-11,000/mm3 offer protection from bacteria and foreign agents
deviation from the norm is clinically signification
- leukocytosis ( increase in WBC) can lead to pulmonary complication, clots, poor diffusion
leukopenia
below normal levels of WBC
patients need to isolate to protect from normal pathogens
granular WBC
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
-neutrophils (phagocytize)
-Eosinophils (increase in allergic reactions- destroy antigen antibody complex, antiparasitic)
basophils- develop into mast cells, intensify inflammatory reactions thru histamine release)
Agranular WBC
(mononuclear) lymphocytes- immune response thru direct cell attack or antibodies b-cells t-cells forms antibodies monocytes phagocytosis change into macrophages in tissue increase in chronic infection take long time to reach infection
thrombocytes or platelets
smallest- not cells but cytoplasmic fragments
essential in prevention of blood loss
regulates granules that promotes blood clotting
creates platelet plug
releases serotonin- causing vasoconstriction
erythrocytes
majority of red blood cells contains Hgb normal values for Hgb males 140-180 g/L females 120-160g/l infants 140-200 g/L life expentancy 120 days destroyed by liver and spleen
what is hematocrit
hematocrit is the percentage of RBCs in total blood volume,
males 40-54%
females 38-46%
production of RBc’s
testosterone stimulates production of erythropoietin by kidneys - erythropoietin stimulates RBC production in red bone marrow.
