Lesson 6 Terms

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

when organisms make compounds needed by the cells

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

The nucleotide sequences on tRNA

Question 4

Base Pairs

Answer 4

The “rungs” of the DNA ladder

1. Adenine and thymine always pair together
2. Guanine and cytosine always pair together

Question 5

Catabolic Process

Answer 5

a series of pathways where molecules are broken down into smaller bits and energy is released

Question 6

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Answer 6

the 3-step process of protein synthesis:
A. DNA replication
B. RNA transcription
C. Protein translation

Question 7

Chromatin

Answer 7

The complex of DNA and histones

Question 8

Chromosome

Answer 8

Coils of DNA are bundled up into organized structures

Question 9

Codon

Answer 9

Nucleotides in mRNA are found in triplets, or groups of 3s

Question 10

Cytosine

Answer 10

The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA

Question 11

Double helix

Answer 11

Shape of DNA

Question 12

DNA polymerase

Answer 12

the enzyme recognizes the nitrogen bases and adds the missing ones to each side of the “unzipped” DNA (adenine pairs with thymine and guanine with cytosine) to create two complete strands of DNA

Question 13

DNA replication

Answer 13

When cells divide, the DNA replicates so each cell can have a copy of DNA

Question 14

Francis Crick

Answer 14

scientists who, in 1953, discovered the shape of DNA: the double helix

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or specific strand of RNA

Question 16

Genome

Answer 16

the complete collection of a cell’s DNA genetic material

Question 17

Guanine

Answer 17

The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA

Question 18

Helicase

Answer 18

An enzyme that “unzips” the double helix of DNA, separating each base pair

Question 19

Histone

Answer 19

DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones which package up DNA more compactly

Question 20

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 20

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

Question 21

Human Genome Project

Answer 21

A massive collaboration of scientists to map out and identify all the genes in human DNA

Question 22

James Watson

Answer 22

scientists who, in 1953, discovered the shape of DNA: the double helix

Question 23

Metabolism

Answer 23

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Question 24

mRNA

Answer 24

messenger RNA

Question 25

Nucleotides

Answer 25

Nucleotides

makes up DNA; consists of 3 smaller units - a nitrogen base, a simple sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 26

Protein translation

Answer 26

the process in which the genetic code in mRNA is used to assemble amino acids in the correct sequence to make a protein

Question 27

RNA transcription

Answer 27

1. The segment of DNA that’s needed is located.
2. That segment of DNA is untwisted and unzipped to expose the base pairs.
3. RNA is made by connecting the correct nitrogen bases (uracil with adenine and guanine with cytosine) to the half-strand of DNA.
4. The RNA is unzipped from the DNA.
5. The DNA zips back together to its original shape.
6. The RNA transcribed in this process is called mRNA, or messenger RNA.

Question 28

rRNA

Answer 28

rRNA

ribosomal RNA; involved in protein translation. rRNA’s job is to move the mRNA along as protein translation takes place.

Question 29

Thymine

Answer 29

The base that pairs with Adenine in DNA

Question 30

tRNA

Answer 30

transfer RNA; assists in protein translation by transferring amino acids from other places in the cell to the ribosomes.