Lesson 7 Terms Flashcards
anaphase
The phase of mitosis when:
a) The sister chromatids are pulled away from each other.
b) Enzymes break down the proteins in the centromere and the chromatids separate, at which point they’re called daughter chromosomes.
c) The daughter chromosomes are moved by the mitotic spindle to opposite ends of the cell.
d) The cell begins to constrict across the middle in order to split into two.
Asexual reproduction
Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
Cell plate
a new cell wall is formed down the middle of the cell and splits the mother cell into two daughter cells
Centromere
centromere
Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
Cleavage furrowing
occurs in animal cells and is caused by muscle-like fibers in the cytoskeleton which pinch the cell like a drawstring
Cytokinesis
Cell division that occurs at the same time as telophase
Diploid cell
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
egg
female gamete
Gamete
the two cells which come together to form a new organism
Haploid cell
a cell having a double copy of each chromosome, but missing its homologous pair.
Homologous pairs
contain the same type of genetic information which code for the same kinds of proteins, but they are not necessarily identical versions of the genes.
interphase
where all normal cellular activities occur
metaphase
second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
telophase
a) Telophase begins when the chromosomes reach the end of the mitotic spindle
b) A new nucleus begins to form around each set of daughter chromosomes, forming two daughter nuclei. c) Chromosomes begin to uncoil back into their chromatin form.
d) The mitotic spindle is broken down.
e) When the nuclear membrane has reformed, mitosis is complete
microtubules
Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure
