Zoonoses Intro Class

Question 1

What is a Reservoir?

Answer 1

long-term host of a pathogen, e.g. mouse & hantavirus

Question 2

What is a Vector?

Answer 2

organism (often invertebrate arthropod), that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host, e.g. mosquito & JEV

Question 3

What is Zooanthroponoses?

Answer 3

mainly affect people, can be transmitted to animals, which then act as temporary reservoirs of infection
eg. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in dogs, infectious hepatitis in apes, H1N1 pandemic influenza in pigs

Question 4

What percentage of human pathogens are zoonotic?

Answer 4

60% are zoonotic

Question 5

Whys is the main resean zoonosis is hard to control?

Answer 5

Occur in numerous animal species
Very diverse
Severity
Transmission dynamics
Difficult to predict changes in incidence

Question 6

Of the new emerging diseases how many are zoonotic?

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

What is Anthropozoonoses?

Answer 7

main reservoir of infection is non-human vertebrate animals
e.g. bovine tuberculosis, rabies, leptospirosis

Question 8

What is a fomite?

Answer 8

an inanimate object that can transmit an infectious agent,

e.g. medical equipment & Ebola virus

Question 9

What is zoonosis?

Answer 9

Diseases & infections which are naturally transmitted b/w vertebrate animals & humans (WHO 1959)

Question 10

What zoonoese affect Dogs and Cats?

Answer 10

Rabies
Roundworm
Ringworm
Cat Scratch Disease

Question 11

What zoonoses can affect Food animals?

Answer 11

Bovine TB
Salmonella
E. coli
Brucellosis
Listeria

Question 12

What zoonoses are there with birds?

Answer 12

Psittacosis
West Nile virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Avian Influenza

Question 13

What zoonoses is there with reptiles, fish, and Amphibian?

Answer 13

Salmonella

Mycobacterium

Question 14

What zoonoses can you get from wild animals?

Answer 14

Hantavirus
Plague
Tularemia
Leptospirosis
Lyme Disease

Question 15

How is zoonoses classified?

Answer 15

Type of infectious agent
(bacteria, fungus, virus, parasite)

Mode of transmission

Type of reservoir host

Sometimes the Year

Question 16

What are the types of zoonese are there?

Answer 16

Direct and indirect
Cyclozoonosis
Metazoonosis
ORTHOZOONOSES

Question 17

What organisms are not part of Cyclozoonosis?

Answer 17

No invertebrates

Question 18

What Transmission Routes are there?

Answer 18

Aerosol 
Vector
Oral 
Direct/Indirect
Fomite

Question 19

What factors risk an infection?

Answer 19

Companion animal 
Occupation 
Foodbourne
Recreational activities 
Agriculture 
World Travel

Question 20

How does zoonoses affect the economy?

Answer 20

Prevention
Treatment
Control

Off Work due to illness/DALYS

Lockdown costs

No more export meat if infected

Question 21

How does globalisation affect zoonoses?

Answer 21

decreased transit times

Remote areas now easily accesable

Question 22

What is horizon scanning?

Answer 22

checking for deaths of animals in a community

Question 23

What issues are there with prevention and control of the disease?

Answer 23

Animal = key component
Complications (e.g. Lyme disease)
Unknown reservoirs (e.g. Ebola)

Question 24

What are ways that countries warn visitors about zoonotic breakouts?

Answer 24

signs in the area to avoid those animals

Question 25

What are different global issues affecting zoonoses?

Answer 25

Climate change
Overpopulation 
Vector resistance to drugs
Antibiotic resistance 
Intensive Farming