Aileen NIPAH

Question 1

What type of zoonoses is NIPAH?

Answer 1

Enzootic and Rare-emerging

Question 2

What is the NIPAH viruses name?

Answer 2

Species: NIPAH (NiV)

Question 3

What is the taxonomy of NIPAH?

Answer 3

Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Henipavirus
Species: NIPAH (NiV)

Question 4

What is the morphology of NIPAH?

Answer 4

Shape: Pleomorphic (different shapes) Size: 40-600nm RNA: single standed RNA, non-segmented. Follows the ‘rule of six’, 18kb which is much longer then others in the same family. Proteins: Structural: F: fusion proteins: trimers, G: glycoproteins: tetramers, N: nucleocapsid, L: Polymerase, P: Phosphoprotein, M: Matric Protein. Non-structural: V and W proteins are unknown, but they may be involved in disrupting host antiviral mechanisms.

Question 5

What is the life cycle of NIPAH?

Answer 5

Bat (Flying Fox) –> Pigs –> Human

Question 6

What is the infection route of NIPAH?

Answer 6

Host cells: Epithelial cells Entreance: Ephrin: B1, B2, B3 bind to the G-protein tetramers Fusion: fusion proteins (F) fuse with the cell and reslt in that cell fusing with other neighbouring cells resulting in a Multi nucleated syncytia. This fusion also results in the release of the viral content. (18 hours some damage and at 24 hours al lot of damage). RNA editing: generate multiple proteins from a single gene. The specific process in henipaviruses involves the insertion of extra guanosine residues into the P gene mRNA prior to translation. The number of residues added determines whether the P, V C, or W proteins are synthesised.

Question 7

What is the history of NIPAH?

Answer 7

1997: Farm worker hospitalised and dies in malasia 1998: pig farm outbreak in the peninsular malaysia with 265 cases and 108 deaths, thought to be Japanese enchephalitis. 1999: Virus isolated in Sungai, resulting in a mass culling of piggies.
2001: reported in Bangledesh 2007: reported in India

Question 8

What are the geographical locations that you find NIPAH?

Answer 8

highest Risk: Mlalaysia, Singapore Bangladesh, and India.

Question 9

Where in the environment do you find NIPAH?

Answer 9

Raw Date Palm, fruit, and Urine

Question 10

What time of year do you get out breaks of NIPAH?

Answer 10

Bat Migration

Question 11

What occupations and who is at most risk of getting NIPAH?

Answer 11

Pig Farmers, in locations with bats, Eating unpasteurised fruit juices

Question 12

What gender are more likely to get NIPAH?

Answer 12

Men: due to proffessions

Question 13

What is the Main reservoir of NIPAH?

Answer 13

Fruit bats (flying foxes)

Question 14

Who are the carrier/amplyfying host of NIPAH?

Answer 14

Piggie

Question 15

What are spill over animals that get NIPAH

Answer 15

Rats srews, dogs, cats and chickens