Aileen Borrelia burgdorferi/Lyme

Question 1

What is a chemoreceptor?

Answer 1

Chemoreceptor arrays are supramolecular transmembrane machines of unknown structure that allow bacteria to sense their surroundings and respond by chemotaxis.

Question 2

What outersurface proteins does Borrelia burgdorferi produce? were do they aid in colonisation?

Answer 2

OspA and OspB: The gut

Question 3

What is a β-barrel outer-membrane-spanning protein?

Answer 3

A transmembrane protein (TP) is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways to permit the transport of specific substances across the membrane.

Question 4

What type of zoonoses does Borrelia burgdorferi cause?

Answer 4

Enxootic

Question 5

What is the the name of the bacteria that results in Lyme disease?

Answer 5

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 6

What is a VlsE protein?

Answer 6

is an antigenically variable cell- surface protein that evades the antibody response by continu- ously changing its surface epitopes (Norris, 2006), and it could potentially function to shield Arp from antibodies.

Question 7

What is a VlsE protein?

Answer 7

is an antigenically variable cell- surface protein that evades the antibody response by continu- ously changing its surface epitopes (Norris, 2006), and it could potentially function to shield Arp from antibodies.

Question 8

What is the taxonomy of Lyme disease?

Answer 8

Family: Borreliaceae
Genus: Borrelia
Species: Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 9

What serovars or clads are there with Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 9

23 clads

Question 10

What is the morphology of Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 10

Morphology: Spirochette, flat wave Size: 0.3 μm wide and 5 to 20 μm in length Flagella: Axial filament and seven to eleven bundled periplasmic flagella Outermenbrane: No lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane, Chemoreceptors, outer-surface lipoproteins OspA and OspB(high density), β-barrel outer-membrane-spanning proteins such as BamA, VlsE protein DNA: Linear chromosome and plasmids peptidoglycan: attached to the inner membrane instead of the outer membrane

Question 11

What Gram is Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 11

Gram-Negative

Question 12

What O2 is required for Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 12

Microaerobic

Question 13

What is the motility situation of Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 13

Axial filament and seven to eleven bundled perisplasmic flagella

Question 14

Can Borrelia burgdorferiform spores?

Answer 14

cysts: Some species can encyst to when conditions are not favourable within body tissue (Miklossy et al 2008).

Question 15

What did (Miklossy et al 2008) publish about?

Answer 15

That Borrelia burgdorferican form cycts in the body when conditions become unfavourable and survive for extended periods of time.

Question 16

What is the survival rate of Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 16

Months to years in a mammillian host

Question 17

What is the lethal dose or fatality of Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 17

Low Fatality Rate: 300,000 cases in USA and 65,000 in the EU each year

Question 18

What is Borellia burgdorferi life cycle?

Answer 18

Ixodes Tick –> vertabrate –> Ixodes Tick

Question 19

What is the infection route of Borellia burgdorferi?

Answer 19

1. Tick: takes blood meal 2. Blood Stream: B. burgdorferi enters the blood 3. Epigenetics: upregulatin anf repression of different genes to compinsate for entering the human host increase in temperature, different pH, and different nutrient availability 4. adherence: adherence to the vascular cell walls within the host, BBK32 bacterial protein creates a strong bond with the host blood vessel cell wall, they have the capability to alter their antigens and avade host detection. 5: Evasion: Evades host through VlsE proteins which continually change their epitopes

Question 20

What is the history of Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 20

Otzi ice man: confirmed Borrelia burgdorferi

1764: John Walker, first description of lymes disease and linking it to the tick
1894: tick DNA from Ixodes specimen in a meuseum contained Borrelia burgdorferi DNA.

1920s: started to recognised the neurological symptoms from the Lyme disease
1950: Pennicillin started to be used to treat tick bites and Lyme disease

1975: First named the disease when children in conneticut were thought to have reumitoid arthritis
1985: reportable disease