Chapter 1 Flashcards
1) Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of how people:
A) motivate, persuade, and interact with one another.
B) think about, influence, and relate to one another.
C) manipulate, use, and betray one another.
D) conform, help, and form attitudes about one another.
B
2) The attributions a person makes for his or her spouse’s acid remark depends on the happiness of his or her marriage. What concept does this portray?
A) Social behavior is a function of what we believe.
B) Social behavior is a function of an individual’s general attitude in relation to his or her environment.
C) Social behavior is a function of how a situation is handled.
D) Social behavior is a function of an objective situation and how it is construed.
D
3) Emma attributes the hostile behavior of her best friend, David, to the relationship problems he has with his wife. Which of the following statements represents this scenario?
A) Social beliefs can be self-fulfilling.
B) Self-efficacy leads one to persist during challenging times.
C) People attribute negative outcomes to their internal factors.
D) Illusory optimism increases one’s vulnerability.
A
4) Identify a true statement about social psychology.
A) Compared with personality psychology, social psychology focuses more on the differences between individuals.
B) Compared with sociology, social psychology focuses more on individuals.
C) Compared with sociology, social psychology performs less experiments.
D) Compared with personality psychology, social psychology focuses less on how people view and affect one another.
B
5) Which of the following topics is NOT an example of what a social psychologist might study?
A) love
B) conformity
C) intelligence
D) attitudes
C
6) According to Social Psychology, a true statement about objective reality is that:
A) it is constant.
B) it does not exist.
C) it is an unchanging set of perceptions.
D) it is always viewed through the lens of our values and beliefs.
D
7) In the context of social psychology, identify a true statement about intuitions.
A) Intuitions require one to adopt the approach of conscious reasoning.
B) Intuitions are also known as conscious information processing.
C) Intuitions are routinely powerful and sometimes perilous.
D) Intuitions depend on objective reality rather than subjective reality.
C
8) Which of the following is an example of how our attitudes and behavior are shaped by external social forces?
A) Our personality disposition affects our choices.
B) Our inherited human nature predisposes us to react in certain ways.
C) Our political attitudes influence our voting behavior.
D) Our standards regarding promptness, openness, and clothing vary across different cultures.
D
9) Identify a true statement about attitudes and personality.
A) They influence behavior.
B) They are the results of an individual’s own understanding of the world.
C) They are primary motivators for action.
D) They are inherited biologically.
A
10) When examining topics such as dating rituals and mating behaviors, evolutionary psychologists ask how natural selection might:
A) shape our actions.
B) change our attitudes.
C) account for similarities in our behaviors.
D) reinforce our attitudes.
A
11) Identify a true statement about social psychology.
A) It answers one’s ultimate questions about life.
B) It helps in the understanding of the purpose of life.
C) It is about beliefs, attitudes, and relationships.
D) It helps in understanding an individual’s ultimate destiny.
C
12) A social psychologist’s personal convictions about what is desirable and how people ought to behave are known as his or her:
A) intuitions.
B) hypotheses.
C) values.
D) memoirs.
C
13) Social representations are:
A) value commitments within a culture.
B) intuitive ideas that prove to be true
C) widely held ideas and values, including assumptions and cultural ideologies.
D) stereotypes that are rooted in racism rather than in objective truth.
C
14) Values enter social psychology when researchers:
A) collect data for their studies.
B) present the results of their experiments.
C) summarize their studies.
D) choose the topics of their studies.
D
15) Chloe attributes the irrational behavior of her husband, George, to him having a bad day. Which of the following statements most likely represents this scenario?
A) People tend to construct their social reality, regardless of its affects on others.
B) People refuse to view objective reality through the lens of their beliefs.
C) One’s self-esteem weakens one’s narcissistic behavior.
D) One’s behavior is independent of social influences and relevant contexts.
A
16) The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next is referred to as:
A) nationality.
B) race.
C) religion.
D) culture.
D
17) A society’s widely held ideas and values, including assumptions and cultural ideologies, are known as:
A) national diversities.
B) racial inclinations.
C) social representations.
D) general moralities.
C
18) Maslow’s description of “self-actualized” people was based on a sample he personally selected. Had he selected other people to describe, his resulting description of self-actualization might have been different. This is an example of how _____ can influence our idea of how best to live.
A) attitudes
B) lifestyle
C) values
D) people
C
19) You ask your academic advisor what to major in because you are finding it difficult to decide. She suggests psychology. Before you decide to follow her suggestion, it is important to remember that this answer likely reflects her:
A) training.
B) education.
C) perceptions.
D) personal values.
D
20) Whether we label a woman as ambitious or aggressive is a reflection of our:
A) gender.
B) values.
C) intuitions.
D) age.
B
21) One’s decision to call someone engaged in guerrilla warfare a terrorist rather than a freedom fighter depends on one’s view of the cause they’re fighting for. In the context of social psychology, this statement indicates that:
A) scientific ideas should be dismissed because they are mostly subjective.
B) what social psychologists think is independent of their prior beliefs.
C) people who have with their needs for survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem met satisfied, go on to fulfill their human potential.
D) values can lie hidden within one’s cultural definitions of mental health, one’s psychological advice for living, one’s concepts, and one’s psychological labels.
D
22) The tendency to exaggerate one’s ability to have foresaw how something turned out, only after learning the outcome, is known as:
A) regressive bias.
B) information bias.
C) omission bias.
D) hindsight bias.
D
23) When asked who Chloe thinks will win the next presidential election, she replies that she does not know. However, after the election results are declared, she claims that it was obvious all along who the winner of the election will be. In the context of social psychology, this scenario illustrates:
A) distinction bias.
B) automation bias.
C) optimism bias.
D) hindsight bias.
D
24) Errors in both judging the future’s foreseeability and in remembering our past together to create:
A) information bias.
B) hindsight bias.
C) prediction bias.
D) retrospective bias.
B
25) In the context of social psychology, identify an example of hindsight bias.
A) Dominic is unsure about his exam results, but later when he learns that he passed the exam he claims to have known all along that he would score well.
B) Anna, a researcher, pays more attention to a single piece of information rather than all available data in her research study.
C) Dylan decides to join a prestigious college because his friends are doing so.
D) Ava, a homemaker, believes that her son will play soccer well because he is also good in studies.
A
26) Diya and Pierre are the candidates to lead their school’s basketball team. Diya knows that Pierre will be selected as the team captain as he is a better player than she is. However, Diya is selected as the team captain because Pierre is unable to turn up on the day of the selection. Later, Diya boasts to her friends that she knew it all along that she will be selected as the team captain. In the context of social psychology, this scenario exemplifies a phenomenon called:
A) confirmation bias.
B) outcome bias.
C) hindsight bias.
D) anchoring bias.
C
27) Theories formed from testable predictions are called:
A) assumptions.
B) hypotheses.
C) ideologies.
D) values.
B
28) A theory is:
A) an agreed-upon statement.
B) a summary that explains facts.
C) untestable.
D) less than fact.
B
29) A _____ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events.
A) theory
B) hypothesis
C) fact
D) correlation
A
30) Identify a true statement about theories:
A) They are consensus statements about what one observes.
B) They are ideas that summarize and explain facts.
C) They are testable propositions that describe relationships that may exist between events.
D) They are one’s personal convictions about what is desirable and how others ought to behave.
B
31) A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events is known as a:
A) statement.
B) bias.
C) correlation.
D) hypothesis.
D
32) Good theories do all of the following EXCEPT:
A) summarize observations.
B) make assumptions about concepts.
C) make predictions that generate new research projects.
D) suggest practical applications.
B
33) Which of the following is one of the purposes of hypotheses?
A) Hypotheses allow us to test a theory.
B) Hypotheses provide explanations for research results.
C) Hypotheses prove theories.
D) Hypotheses communicate the results of research studies.
A
34) A research program was conducted to understand the effects of two slogans created for a health care program. It was found that the number of people who registered for the program with the slogan “Saves 600 out of 1000 lives” were much higher than the number of people who registered for the program with the slogan “400 out of 1000 people lose their lives.” This scenario exemplifies a psychological phenomenon called:
A) debriefing.
B) confirmation bias.
C) hindsight bias.
D) framing.
D
35) In the context of social psychology, the way a question or an issue is posed is known as:
A) seeding.
B) framing.
C) debriefing.
D) churning.
B
36) Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the concept of random sampling?
A) Ren, a researcher, selects participants for a study in such a way that every person in the population being studied gets an equal chance of inclusion.
B) Polina, a researcher, prepares questions for a survey in such a way that they prompt the respondents toward beneficial decisions without restricting their freedom.
C) Zahra, a researcher, allows participants to share their feelings with her after conducting experiments.
D) Liam, a researcher, misinforms the population being studied for a study about the purpose of the study.
A
37) Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to as:
A) correlational research.
B) experimental research.
C) qualitative research.
D) field research.
D
38) Laboratory research is an example of research in a:
A) correlational context.
B) common environment.
C) controlled situation.
D) field setting.
C
39) Standing in a campus courtyard with a clipboard to record your observations of students’ usage of their cell phones is an example of what type of research?
A) qualitative research
B) experimental research
C) laboratory research
D) field research
D
40) The study of observable relationships among variables is referred to as:
A) correlational research.
B) experimental research.
C) laboratory research.
D) field research.Q
A
41) A psychology professor conducts a research study to determine if there is a relationship between the time spent on studying and the grades achieved by college students. Which type of research is this?
A) correlational research
B) experimental research
C) controlled research
D) hypothetical research
A
42) Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?
A) It cannot be used to study everyday situations.
B) It cannot explain cause and effect.
C) It fails to analyze whether two variables are associated.
D) It takes place in a laboratory.
B
Fixed by Ms. Rico
- A
43) A study conducted by Douglas Carroll and his colleagues (1994) examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and health using grave markers. Which type of research was this?
A) correlational research
B) experimental research
C) controlled research
D) hypothetical research
A
44) The finding that obese women earned lower salaries than women in a non obese comparison group was most likely the result of which type of research study?
A) experimental
B) correlational
C) laboratory
D) qualitative
B
