Chapter 10 Flashcards
1) Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone is known as:
A) aggression. B) subjugation. C) destruction. D) frustration.
A
2) In the context of psychology, which of the following illustrates aggression?
A) Habid surgically removes a patient's leg because it has become infected. B) Maria hits Ethan because he refuses to lend her money. C) Daniel collides with a car parked on the street because it is dark. D) Hanna convinces a customer to purchase an expensive outfit.
B
3) Laura meets Adam through social media. Soon, they fall in love and become physically intimate. Adam secretly records their sexual activity. He sends texts and mails to Laura and threatens her saying that he will release the video online unless his monetary demands are met. In the context of aggression, Adam’s activity is referred to as ________.
A) cognitive priming B) cyberbullying C) voyeurism D) transvestism
B
4) Which of the following is an example of aggression?
A) Sam accidentally slams her car's door hard and it hits Tim's knee. B) Luisa urges her classmates not to vote for Marcy for the post of dormitory senator and cites some rumors about Marcy's social life. C) Carla, a dentist, gives a shot of Novocain before pulling out her patient's affected tooth. D) Joe's eagerness and enthusiasm results in his being promoted as a sales manager in a very short time.
B
5) Juanita is upset with Arthur. During a social gathering, he makes rude remarks about her in front of others. Arthur’s behavior exemplifies:
A) assertion. B) manipulation. C) aggression. D) submission.
C
6) Lukas, a 25-year-old, is an alcoholic. Whenever he gets drunk or needs money, he hits his parents and shoves them. He does not even spare his pet dog and often throws him from a height. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________.
A) physical aggression B) social aggression C) social loafing D) gender narcissism
A
7) Martina is an adolescent. Her friends do not include her in birthday parties and get-togethers. They make fun of her and verbally abuse her because she is overweight. Martina feels depressed and offended and contemplates suicide. In the context of psychology, this scenario exemplifies ________.
A) the overjustification effect B) the Cassandra phenomenon C) backward conditioning D) social aggression
D
8) ________ aggression springs from anger, and its only goal is to injure.
A) Manipulative B) Duplicitous C) Hostile D) Instrumental
C
9) ________ aggression aims to injure only as a means to some other end.
A) Manipulative B) Duplicitous C) Hostile D) Instrumental
D
10) Sophie bullies and physically abuses Wen, her junior, in school so that she will be feared as well as respected by other juniors. She also hopes to be popular by behaving in this manner. In the context of psychology, Sophie’s behavior exemplifies ________.
A) hostile aggression B) instrumental aggression C) rosy retrospection D) belief perseverance
B
11) Most terrorism is ________ aggression.
A) manipulative B) duplicitous C) hostile D) instrumental
D
12) In 2003, American and British leaders justified attacking Iraq not as a hostile effort to kill Iraqis but as an act of liberation and of self-defense against presumed weapons of mass destruction. Social psychologists would consider this an example of ________ aggression.
A) manipulative B) duplicitous C) impulsive D) instrumental
D
13) Most murders are ________ aggression.
A) manipulative B) duplicitous C) hostile D) instrumental
C
14) Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression?
A) An angry football player tackles a quarterback after he attempts a long pass. B) A wife finds her husband with another woman and shoots them both. C) A group of mercenaries, hired to kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to poison him. D) A man smashes his television set when he is unable to switch it on.
C
15) Identify a true statement about hostile aggression.
A) It is incapable of injuring or harming others. B) It springs from anger. C) It is employed as a means to some other end. D) It causes most wars.
B
16) Oscar gets drunk at a party and starts arguing with one of the other guests that death penalty is better than capital punishment. The other guest holds a contrasting view about the topic. They get into a heated argument. Oscar gets angry and shoves the other person to injure him. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________.
A) the third-person effect B) hostile aggression C) cognitive priming D) the insufficient justification effect
B
17) An instinctive behavior is a behavior that is:
A) survival-oriented and common to most members of a species. B) innate, unlearned, and exhibited by all members of a species. C) reflexive and automatic but easily overcome by learning. D) taught to members of a species.
B
18) Sigmund Freud speculated that human aggression springs from:
A) an innate sexual drive. B) a self-destructive impulse. C) the observation of aggressive adult models. D) the blocking of goal-directed behavior.
B
19) In contrast to Freud’s view of aggression, Lorenz argued that aggression is:
A) innate. B) adaptive rather than self-destructive. C) biologically influenced but not instinctive. D) socially learned.
B
20) According to Freud and Lorenz, aggressive energy is ________.
A) external B) innate C) learned D) non-universal
B
21) The idea that aggression is instinctive fails to account for:
A) silent and social aggression in animals. B) the variations in aggressiveness from culture to culture. C) the biochemical influences on aggression. D) the unprovoked outbursts of aggression.
B
22) According to Falkner et al. (2016) and Falkner and Lin (2014), docile animals can be provoked into rage, and raging animals into submission, usually by stimulating ________.
A) the cerebellum B) the hypothalamus C) the corpus callosum D) the pituitary gland
B
23) The study of neural influences on aggression has indicated that:
A) one specific region of the brain controls aggression. B) activating the amygdala can facilitate aggressive outbursts in humans. C) activating the occipital lobe can cause a tyrant monkey to become docile. D) activating the frontal lobe can trigger aggressive behavior.
B
24) According to Kagan (1989) and Wilkowski and Robinson (2008), people’s ________ and how intense and reactive they are are partly brought with them into the world, influenced by their sympathetic nervous system’s reactivity.
A) defense mechanisms B) aggressive instinct C) temperament D) social learning
C
25) In the context of aggression, which of the following statements is true?
A) Twin studies indicate that aggression is never genetic. B) A single spot in the brain controls aggression. C) Alcohol enhances aggressiveness. D) Aggression is typically caused by brain damage.
C
26) In the context of aggression as a biological phenomenon, status-based aggression helps explain why aggression is ________.
A) unrelated to the competition for mates B) independent of one's social status C) frequently demonstrated by middle-aged people D) highest during adolescence and early adulthood
D
27) MacDonald et al. (2000) found that intoxicated people administered stronger shocks and felt angrier than did sober people during lab experiments when asked to think back on:
A) their physical shortcomings. B) their grades in college. C) relationship conflicts. D) their families.
C
28) Studies of hormonal influences on aggression indicate that:
A) hormonal influences are as strong in humans as they are in other animals. B) after men reach age 25, their testosterone levels and rates of violent crime decrease together. C) variations in testosterone seem to have no effect on behavior within the normal range of teen boys and adult men. D) high testosterone levels are associated with less aggressiveness in males.
B
29) It was raining and Jessie’s car had a flat tire. After she managed to fix it, she arrived home late and found that someone had parked in her assigned parking spot. When she entered her apartment, she kicked her pet cat. Jessie’s behavior can perhaps be easily explained in terms of:
A) the frustration-aggression theory. B) the adaptation-level phenomenon. C) Murphy's law. D) the social learning theory.
A
30) The blocking of goal-directed behavior is called:
A) instrumental aggression. B) hostile aggression. C) frustration. D) displacement.
C
31) Frustration grows when:
A) our motivation to achieve a goal is weakened. B) we do not expect gratification. C) we are completely blocked from attaining our goal. D) we are surprised by a consequence.
C
32) The redirection of aggression to a safer or more socially acceptable target other than the source of the frustration is referred to as:
A) displacement. B) substitution. C) deprivation D) projection.
A
33) After arguing with her boyfriend over telephone, Roberta throws the phone across the room. This behavior most clearly demonstrates:
A) the weapons effect. B) displacement. C) instrumental aggression. D) Parkinson's second law.
B
34) Reza is robbed at gun point. He feels frustrated and helpless. Unable to vent his anger, he verbally abuses his wife later when she accidentally adds extra sugar to his coffee. In the context of aggression, this scenario exemplifies ________.
A) displacement B) afterburn C) agnosia D) kleptomania
A
35) A person kicking the wall after losing a game of poker is an example of:
A) regression. B) displacement. C) relative deprivation. D) the weapons effect.
B
36) Displaced aggression is most likely when the target ________ to the instigator.
A) shares no similarity B) shares some similarity C) is related D) is unrelated
B
37) According to Berkowitz, when frustration is unjustified, aggression cues combine with ________ to cause aggression.
A) excitement B) prejudice C) anger D) sadness
C
38) The frustration-aggression theory is designed to explain:
A) hostile aggression. B) instrumental aggression. C) both hostile and instrumental aggression. D) neither hostile nor instrumental aggression.
A
39) When aggression is displaced, generally, the new target ________.
A) is a safe target B) is a socially rejected or abandoned target C) is completely different from the instigator D) is an ingroup member
A
40) Frustration is noted to arise from:
A) a mismatch between achievements and rewards. B) the gap between expectations and attainments. C) the deprivation of elements essential to survival. D) learned helplessness and hopelessness.
B
41) The perception that one is less well-off than others with whom one compares oneself is referred to as:
A) the adaptation level phenomenon. B) relative deprivation. C) social ostracism. D) the unjust-world principle.
B
42) Ava is a senior employee in a technology-based company and earns well. She rents a house in a locality that is mainly inhabited by entrepreneurs. Though she owns a tastefully decorated apartment and a car, she gets disheartened when she sees picturesque villas in her neighborhood. She feels frustrated because she feels she is less well-off than those around her. In the context of aggression, this scenario exemplifies ________.
A) cognitive priming B) relative deprivation C) social aggression D) instrumental aggression
B
43) In the context of the theories of aggression, identify a true statement about genetic influences on aggression.
A) Bad environments alone cause people to exhibit antisocial behaviors later in life. B) Genes predispose some children to be more sensitive to maltreatment than others. C) Bad genes alone predispose later aggressiveness. D) Aggressiveness is independent of nature and nurture.
B
44) In the context of culture change and world violence, the United States practices the death penalty for ________.
A) witchcraft B) homicide C) counterfeiting D) horse theft
B
45) Jason fights with young children on the school playground to gain the attention and respect of his friends. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is:
A) the result of frustration. B) instinctual in nature. C) a learned response. D) the result of displacement.
C
46) According to Albert Bandura (1997), an important influence on one’s tendency to be aggressive is:
A) hormonal factors. B) how much anger or frustration has built up inside. C) one's hereditary predisposition to be aggressive. D) the observation of others' behavior.
D
47) In a famous experiment by Albert Bandura and his colleagues (1961), children watched an adult attack a Bobo doll with a mallet. They were then shown some toys that they were forbidden to play with. When they were taken to another room, they:
A) began to cry. B) attacked a Bobo doll. C) verbally attacked the adult experimenter. D) chose to watch a violent rather than a nonviolent film.
B
48) In the context of biochemical influences on aggression, to lower aggression, one should eat a diet that ________.
A) is high in omega-3 fatty acids B) is high in trans fat C) includes sweetened drinks D) contains low calcium
A
49) Yuna is a teenager and likes junk food. She answers back when her mother coaxes her to eat nutritious food. At school, she easily loses her temper and becomes aggressive over petty issues. She develops the habit of throwing and breaking things to vent her anger. In order to control her aggressive behavior, Yuna should opt for a diet ________.
A) that is low in trans fat B) that includes more hydrogenated oils C) that includes sweetened drinks D) that is devoid of omega-3 fatty acids
A
50) According to Bond (2004), men from cultures that ________ are more likely to behave aggressively than those from cultures with the opposite characteristics.
A) are democratic in nature B) focus on teaching men to be warriors C) focus on equality of men and women D) are low in income inequality
B
51) Bandura (1979) contended that whether we act aggressively depends on:
A) an aversive event. B) the anticipated consequences. C) the role of the parent. D) bodily symptoms.
B
52) The pain-attack response has been observed in:
A) rats. B) monkeys. C) snakes. D) varied species.
D
