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Anatomy & Physiology > Tissue Lab > Flashcards

Tissue Lab Flashcards

1
Q

5 characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. avascular (no blood vessels)
  2. tightly held by desmosomes
  3. polarity (apical & basal surface)
  4. rest on basement membrane and connective tissue
  5. lines and covers surfaces
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2
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

-connective, muscular, nervous, epithelial

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3
Q

What are the 2 kinds of epithelial tissues?

A
  • covering/lining

- glandular

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4
Q

What are endocrine and exocrine glands?

A
  • endocrine glands: ductless, produces secretes hormone into blood
  • exocrine glands: with ducts, secretes chemicals out (like sweat glands)
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5
Q

Apical surface v basal surface

A
  • apical: faces outside of an organ/inside of tube/passageway (the free surface)
  • basal: separates the epithelium from underlying tissues. sits on basement membrane
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6
Q

5 functions of epithelial tissues

A

-diffusion, filtration, absorption, protection, secretion

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7
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

form over rounded cells with the ability to slide over one and another

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8
Q

How do you classify Epithelial tissue based on structure? (2)

A

Based on shape of cells

  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar

Based on number of layers

  • single
  • stratified
  • to identify stratified cells, look at the apical surface*
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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

3 functions, 5 locations

A

Function: filtration, absorption, secretion (of lubricating substances)

Location: kidney gromeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, lining of ventral cavity, blood/lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Functions: secretion, absorption

Locations: kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of connective tissues?

A
  • Connective tissue proper (which includes fat and fibrous tissues of ligaments)
  • blood
  • bone
  • cartilage
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12
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissue?

A
  1. originate from mesenchyme cells
  2. have cells and matrix
  3. varying degree of vascularity (vascularity bone>muscle>cartilage (avascular)
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13
Q

What are the 5 functions of connective tissue?

What is its main function (4)?

A

protection, support, movement, structure, transport

  • binds and supports other cells.
  • connective tissue consists largely of an extracellular matrix that separates the cells. this allows the connective tissue to bear weight, withstand tension, and endure physical abuses no other tissue can tolerate
  • extracellular matrix, secreted by the cells
  • the matrix consists of fibers embedded into a liquid, jelly, or solid material
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14
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers of connective tissue?

A

-collagen, elastic, reticular

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15
Q

What are the 7 different types of cells found in connective tissue?

A
  1. Mast cells - detect foreign microorganisms
  2. Adipocytes - fat storage
  3. Macrophages - devour foreiegn material
  4. Fibroblast - makes the CT proper
  5. Chondrocytes - cartilage cells
  6. Osteocytes - bone cells
  7. RBC, WBC, Platelets - blood cells
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16
Q

What are the 2 kinds of connective tissue proper? What are the 3 subdivisions for each?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
    - areolar: soft packing tissue that cushions and protects
    - adipose: fat that provides storage & insulation
    - reticular: reticular fibers containing collagen (similar to areolar but the only fiber it contains is reticular)
  2. Dense connective tissue
    - dense regular connective tissue: ligaments and tendons
    - dense irregular ct: dermis (skin)
    - dense elastic: large arteries
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17
Q

What is a cartilage tissue (2) and what are the 3 kinds of cartilage tissue?

A
  • stands up to both tension and compression. in between bone and dense regular ct. rough but flexible
  • avascular and relies on diffusion from blood vessels
  1. Hyaline: most abundant cartilages in the body, large number of collagen fibers
    - tip of nose, ribs to sternum
  2. Elastic: more elastic than hyaline
    - external ear & epiglottis
  3. Fibrocartilage: an intermediary between hyaline and dense regular ct
    - intervertebral discs & spongy cartilages of knees
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18
Q

What are the fibers and cells of an Areolar Connective Tissue?
What is the function?
Where are they located?

A
  • Fibers: collagen and elastic
  • cells: fibroblasts
  • location: under epithelium in lamina propria, surrounds capillaries
  • function: provides cushion
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19
Q

What are the fibers and cells of dense regular connective tissues?
What are their location and functions?

A
  • fibers: collagen
  • cells: fibroblasts
  • locations: tendons, ligaments
  • functions: attach muscle to bones & bones to bones
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20
Q

What are the location and function of the dense irregular connective tissue?

A
  • location: dermis

- function: protection

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21
Q

Dense elastic connective tissue
What are the fibers and cells?
What are the location and function?

A
  • fibers: elastic
  • cells: fibroblasts
  • locations: large arteries
  • function: allow stretching and recoil
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22
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

-fiber, cells, locations (4), functions (3)

A
  • fiber: collagen
  • cells: chondrocytes trapped in lacuna
  • location: embryonic skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilage of ribs, nose/trachea/larynx
  • function: support, reinforce, cushion
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23
Q

Elastic Cartilage

-fiber, cell, location (2), function (2)

A
  • Fiber: elastic
  • cells: chondrocytes
  • locations: external ear, epiglottis
  • function: maintains shape of structure, allows flexibility
24
Q

Fibrocartilage

-fiber, cell, location (2), function (1)

A
  • fiber: collagen
  • cell: chondrocytes
  • location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
  • function: absorbs compressive shock
25
Q

What are the 3 components of an Osteon?

A

-central canal (haversion canal)
-conains artery, vein, and nerve
-matrix is round lamellae
in the lamellae, osteocytes trapped in lacuna

26
Q

Osseous Tissue

-fiber, cell, location (1), function (3)

A
  • fiber: collagen
  • cells: osteocytes trapped in lacuna
  • locations: bones
  • functions: supports/protect, store minerals/fat, hematopoiesis (production of RBC and platelets)
27
Q

Blood

-location, function

A
  • location: within blood vessels

- function: transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, waste

28
Q

Nervous Tissue

-cells, locations (3), functions

A
  • cells: neurons
  • location: brain, spinal chord, nerves
  • function: transmits electrical signals
29
Q

What are the 2 major cells of nervous tissue?

A
  • neuroglia: supporting cell that protects and insulate neurons
  • neurons: receive stimuli and generate electrical signals
30
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
31
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue (2)? What kind of appearance does it take?

A
  • causes voluntary movements
  • attached to bones by tendons
  • striped/striated appearance
32
Q

What is the function of the cardiac muscle (5)?

A
  • forms contractile heart tissue
  • involuntary movement
  • muscle fibers are branch
  • interconnect at junctions called intercalated discs
  • contraction and propulsion of blood
33
Q

What are the functions of smooth muscle tissue (3)? What are their special structures (2)? Where are they located (1)?

A
  • no striations, spindle shaped
  • located in walls of hollow organs (digestive, urinary tracts, uterus, blood vessels)
  • propulsion of substances
  • involuntary control
34
Q
A

Dense Elastic connective tissue

35
Q
A

Bone

Central canal, osteocytes in lacuna, lamella

36
Q
A

Elastic cartilage

Chondrocytes in lacuna

37
Q
A

Hyaline

Chondricytes in lacuna

38
Q
A

Blood

39
Q
A

Reticular

40
Q
A

Areolar

41
Q
A

Dense irregular connective tissue

42
Q
A

Neuron

43
Q
A

Smooth muscle

44
Q
A

Cardiac

45
Q
A

Skeletal muscle

46
Q
A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (trachea)

47
Q
A

Stratified squamous

48
Q
A

Simple squamous (lung)

49
Q
A

simple cuboidal (kidney tubules)

50
Q
A

simple columnar (digestive tract)

51
Q
A

Stratified cuboidal (sweat glands)

52
Q
A

Stratified columnar (male urethra)

53
Q
A

Transitional (ureters)

54
Q
A

adipose

55
Q
A

Dense elastic connective tissue

56
Q
A

fibrocartilage

chondrocytes in lacuna

57
Q
A

Dense regular

Anatomy & Physiology (23 decks)

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