Chapter 14 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What tissues/organs are innervated by the ANS?
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
The ANS is a __________ neuron chain. (how many neurons?)
2
What is referred pain and why does it occur? Area is supplied by what?
- Dermatome
- spinal root
- visceral pain travel in same pathway as somatic pain fibers
In Sympathetic division Pre- ganglionic release _______and post-ganglionic release______
- In Parasymapathetic division pre-ganglionic release _____and post-ganglionic release______
Sympathetic
- preganglionic = Ach
- postganglionic = adrenaline
Parasympathetic
- preganglionic = ach
- postganglionic = ach
What are cholinergic, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptors? Does it activate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system?
cholinergic = Ach binds to them/muscarinic = Ach binds to them; parasympathetic & sympathetic nervous system
adrenergic = adrenaline binds to them; sympathetic nervous system
What blood vessels dilate and constrict? What receptor is myoglobin associated with?
Know the effects of both divisions of the ANS on
- blood sugar levels
- fatty acid levels
- bronchodialation/constriction
- secretions
- heart rate
- CO levels
- blood pressure
- sweating
- pupils
- GI motility
- salivation
- CNS alertness
- urination/defecation
- arousal
- blood vessel dialation/constriction
Name the cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic fibers. (4)
3, 7, 9, 10
oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vegus (MOST IMP - goes to heart/digestive system)
Where do sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise?
spinal chord
Where are the ganglia located of the Sympathetic system. so the preganglionic fibers are_____
and post ganglionic fibers are_________. Location of ganglion.
Where are the ganglia located of the Parasympathetic system, so the preganglionic fibers are_____and post ganglionic fibers are_________. Location ganglion.
Sympathetic
- preganglionic fibers are short (close to spinal chord)
- and post ganglionic fibers are long (far from organ)
- ganglia close to spinal chord
Parasympathetic
- preganglionic fibers are long (far from spinal chord)
- and post ganglionic fibers are short (close to organs)
- ganglia close to organs
How is the adrenal gland associated with the sympathetic nervous system? What is special about the adrenal gland?
- arenal medulla only glad that does not have a parasympathetic division
- secrete adrenaline, which augments action of the sympathetic nervous system
What is the difference between Sympatho-mimmetic and Sympatholytic agents
What is the difference between Para-sympatho-mimmetic and Para-sympatholytic agents
sympathomimitic = act like adrenaline sympatholytic = adrenergic blockers
parasympathathatomimetic = like Ach (cholinergic) parasympatholytic = cholinergic blockers
How do atropine/cold decongestants work? What kind of drug is it? (parasympathatomimetic, parasympatholytic, sympathomimetic, sympatholytic)
- parasympatholytic drugs
- decrease bronchial & salivary secretions before surgery (or when have a cold)
How does Albuterol work? What type of drug is it? (parasympathatomimetic, parasympatholytic, sympathomimetic, sympatholytic) Why does it have no effect on the heart?
albuterol
- sympathomimetic (adrenergic) drug
- relaxes bronchial smooth muscles of people with asthma (they have constricted airways)
- heart has B1 receptors, whereas albuterol binds to B2 receptors
How do atenolol work? What type of drug is it? (parasympathatomimetic, parasympatholytic, sympathomimetic, sympatholytic) What does it treat? (3)
- sympatholytic (adrenergic blockers)
- blocks B1 receptors from binding to epinephrine so heart rate does not go up
- reduces Tachycardia/hypertension/high blood pressure
***What is sympathetic tone. What happens to blood vessels and BP, when this system is stimulated. and beta blockers
Difference between somatic autonomic nervous system (4)
effector
neurons
neurotransmitter released
receptors
