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Anatomy & Physiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false

bone is an organ, tissue, and cell

A

true

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2
Q

What has the most red blood marrow?

A

sternum

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3
Q

What is luxation?

A

joint dislocation

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4
Q

Diagram

A
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5
Q

Where is the apocrine gland found? (2)

A

axilla and groin

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6
Q

Cancer primarily arises in the ___ layer of the skin because ___ is found there.

A

epidermis, melanocytes

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7
Q

Keratinocyte

A

produce keratin

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8
Q

melanocyte

A

produce melanin

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9
Q

dendritic cells (also called)

A

macrophages (langerhans)

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10
Q

tactile (also known as)

A

light touch (merkel)

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11
Q

What are the 4 cells of the epidermis?

A

keratinocyte, melanocyte, lagerhans/dendritic, tactile/merkel cell

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12
Q

What is not in the epidermis?

A

RBC

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13
Q

Fingerprint is caused by

A

dermal papillae

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14
Q

1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns are characterized by___. What is the number one concern with burns?

A 
1st = epidermal damage only
2nd = blisters
3rd = no edema or pain

-fluid loss

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15
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis? What kinds of cells and tissues does it contain?

A
  1. papillary = aerolar CT & blood vessels
    - contains capillaries, meissner’s corpuscles, free nerve endings
  2. reticular layer = dense irregular CT
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16
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located in a long bone? (2)

A
  • at the articular surface of epiphysis

- in the epiphyseal plate between epiphysis and diaphysis

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17
Q

Fracture is a break in the ___.

A

diaphysis

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18
Q 
What are:
osteocytes (2)
osetoblasts
osteoclasts
monocytes
A

osteocytes = mature osteoblasts trapped in lacunae with canaliculi (projections); maintains bone matrix

osetoblasts = bone forming cells

osteoclasts = bone resorbing cells, break
down bone

monocytes = immature osteoclasts (many monocytes result in an osteoclast

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19
Q

The structural unit of a compact bone is a __ and of a spongy bone is a ___.

A 
compact = osteon
spongy = trabeculae
20
Q

What hormone increases blood ca levels?

A

parathyroid hormone

21
Q

What is formed in the red bone marrow?

A

RBC, WBC, platelets

22
Q

Adult diaphysis contains red or yellow bone marrow?

A

yellow

23
Q

Ca in matrix are called

A

hydroxyapatites

24
Q

Interstitial growth is growth in the ___ of the bones. It occurs in the ___ and ___.

A

length

  • epiphyseal plate
  • beneath the periosteum of diaphysis
25
Q

___ attach bone to bone.

___ attach muscle to bone

A 
ligaments = bone to bone
tendon = bone to muscle
26
Q

Interstitial growth results from these 4 zones at the epiphyseal plate.

A
27
Q

Dense CT (sharpey’s fibers) secrete ___

A

periosteum

28
Q

Osteoporosis is due to the lack of ___ in females, which would ___ OC activity.

A

Osteoporosis is due to the lack of estrogen in females, which would inhibit OC activity.

29
Q

when bone protrudes from skin when fractured it is called

A

open fracture

30
Q

Joints as syn/amphi/di arthrotic describes the ___ as a joint.

A

degree of movement

31
Q

What is synovial fluid? What does it contain?

A

filtrate of blood with hyalurochic acid?

32
Q

What do synovial joints contain? (7)

A

hyaline/articular cartilage, synovial cavity, articular capsle, synovial fluid, casular ligaments, rich nerve & blood supply

33
Q

Classification of synovial joints

nonaxial
uniaxial
biaxial
multiaxial

A
34
Q

lateral blow to extended knee breaks (3)

A

tedial collateral, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate

35
Q

A torn cartilage is a torn ___

A

meniscus

36
Q

Which joint is most likely to become dislocated?

A

shoulder

37
Q

an overstretch/tear of the ligaments is a ___

overstetch of the muscle is a ___

A

an overstretch/tear of the ligaments = sprain

overstetch of the muscle = strain

38
Q

Tatoos are done in the ___ layer of the skin.

A

dermis

39
Q

plantar flexion handout

A
40
Q

pale skin is ___

yellow skin is ___

A

pale skin is anemia

yellow skin is jaundice

41
Q

osteoclasts are ____ and have lots of ___ for the digestion of bones.

A

multinucleated, digestive enzymes

42
Q

What are the 5 functions of calcium?

A 
Transmission of nerve impulses
Muscle contraction
Blood coagulation
Secretion by glands and nerve cells
Cell division
43
Q

Uric acid crystals are made from ___, so it is best to avoid red meat.

A

-made from nucleotides of DNA, red meats are skeletal muscles that are multinucleated

44
Q

Lyme disease is caused by ___ witch causes a ___ rash.

A

-ticks, bulls-eye

45
Q

What does vitamin D do?

A

help absorb Ca from gut into bones

Anatomy & Physiology (23 decks)

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