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Ps 230 And Ps 388 > Ps 230 > Flashcards

Ps 230 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nation?

A

A nation is a constellation of individuals such that they shared characteristics such as language, religion, custom, bloodlines.

North Korea is a state. Most people are Koreas . But the US is so many different people.

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2
Q

What is international relations?

A

Events taking place in the real world.

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3
Q

What are the elements of statehood?

A
  1. ) Population: no minimum number of people required
  2. ) Territory: territorial disputes, when two or more states assert sovereignty over same surface.
  3. ) Government or central decision making machinery
  4. ) Ability to enter in foreign relations: most important!!! Indispensable sine qua non

Note need all 4 elements

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4
Q

Why is the fourth element of statehood indispensable?

A
  1. ) Possession of external sovereignty = accepts not outside entity as superior. IL accepts US
  2. ) Possession of international legal personality = ability to incur obligations and enjoy rights
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5
Q

What is the mechanism under which states take obligations?

A

Treaties.

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6
Q

What are the two aspects of sovereignty ?

A
  1. ) External sovereignty: state acknowledges no outside superior.
  2. ) Internal sovereignty: state recognizes to equal internally.

the rest of the states do not have international legal personality. passport US

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7
Q

What is a state?

A

A territorial based political unit, characterized by central decision-making and enforcement machinery(government)

Most important actors in the real world.

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8
Q

What is International Relations?

A

This is the academic discipline that studies the relations.

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9
Q

What are brute facts?

A

Lake Michigan, Chicago river. They exist independently of our ability to perceive them.

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10
Q

What are social facts?

A

Democracy, war, sovereignty they have no natural existence and are essentially contested.

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11
Q

What is orthodox?

A

Widely accepted means prevailing.

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12
Q

What is heterodox?

A

Those which are not acknowledged.

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13
Q

What is a country?

A

A Territorial element or concept of the concept of state. Overarching

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14
Q

What is hood?

A

Quality of being something elements present for some entity to be a state.

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a system?

A
  1. ) Interaction
  2. ) sufficient impact of one another’s decision making.

Every system is a set but not every set is a system.

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16
Q

For how long has ir has existed?

A

For as long as state-like units have existed. Rome and ancient China.

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17
Q

When did IR emerge?

A

As the result of world war 1 (1914) atrocities.

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18
Q

What was the question that animated or spurred of what was the catalyst?

A

What should we do to Obviate war? Obviate= prevent.

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19
Q

Where was the first department of IR form?

A

University of Aberystwyth, Wales.

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20
Q

What are the three Paradigms of IR?

A
  1. ) Liberalism
  2. ) Realism
  3. ) Groatian: English school.
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21
Q

Why was liberalism the first dominant paradigm?

A
  1. ) IR emerged in the USA and UK or Great Britain less devastated by the war
  2. ) The dominant approach was classical liberalism and liberal traditions.
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22
Q

What is liberalism?

A

Refers to Utopian, trust in education, reform, and the sporadic use of force.

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23
Q

What is realism?

A

Believes the world is imperfect, imperfection results in forces inherent in human nature.

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24
Q

What is Groatian?

A

Intellectual history: modern political thoughts: ideas

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25
Q

What do liberals believe in? What type of education?

A

Rational and moral political order.
Essential goodness of human nature.
Infinity malleability of human nature.

Liberals speak of education non-vocational.

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26
Q

What is failure of social order for liberals?

A
  1. ) lack of knowledge and understanding
  2. ) obsolescent social institutions
  3. ) depravity of certain isolated unfocused or groups.
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27
Q

What is thought?

A

Story of a contest

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28
Q

What are the two principles Liberalism believe about human nature?

A
  1. ) essential goodness of people

2. ) infinity malleability of human nature

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29
Q

What are examples of obselecency according to Liberalism?

A
  1. ) Monarchies

2. ) Totalitarianism

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30
Q

What governs the state of nature?

A

The law of nature.

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31
Q

Who has reason? Hint: 3

A
  1. ) Born
  2. ) Human
  3. ) Free
32
Q

What does reason teach you?

A
  1. ) Not to harm others
  2. ) Not quit your station willfully, aka suicide.

Transgressing the law of nature.

33
Q

What is the principle of human nature?

A

Reason

34
Q

What does Liberals place emphasis on?

A

Education the liberal arts.

35
Q

What is the fundamental liberal principle?(Hint 3)

A
  1. ) Born
  2. ) Human being
  3. ) Perfect Freedom
36
Q

What is the collorally of Fundamental Liberal Principle?

A

Those people who want to limit my freedom are the ones who must explain themselves.

37
Q

What are the four ways of thinking of liberty=free?

A

Think of liberty in the following

  1. ) Positive: We are free in the positive to the degree that decision you are making are autonomous and not addiction. Smoke free in negative she is free. But positive no. Because decision was made by her addiction and not true autonomous self.
  2. ) Negative: We are free in the negative sense that to the extent of no other social actor or actors actually physically prevent that we want to do and physically are capable of doing. Unfree in the negative sense to the extent there is an actor or social actors that prevent you want to do an physically. Negative freedom against Covid vaccine
  3. ) Republican: Imagine individual computer expert security. Terrible leader ask limit internet acess orders police not bother security expert. Not free in republican sense. Means even the possibility of interference with you does not exist. Absence even from the mere possibility arbitrary power.
  4. ) Moral: Treat others as ethical subjects and a duty to be treated. Not treated as an object. Not treated as a coke of can.

Democratic preserve the moral autonomy of people. If government want to do something they have to ask your permission. Democratic governments preserve people’s morality. Obviates war.

38
Q

What happens if police officer stops you? What type of freedom do you have?

A

Freedom in Republican sense yes if probable cause. But not in the negative sense preventing you. Remain free in the moral sense if not treating as a mere object.

If reason made up not free in pretty much everything.

39
Q

What does Michael Doyle argue about every liberal in the 3 set of fold?

A
  1. ) The right to be free from arbitrary authority
  2. ) Social and economic rights
  3. ) Democratic representation or participation which is essential.
40
Q

What are the four institutions every liberal is commited?

A
  1. ) Rule of law, Juridical equality the idea that legal rules are applied fairly across equivalent cases. Without regard of social class.
  2. ) the effective of sovereigns of the state are representative legislatures deriving authority from the electorate.
  3. ) the economy rests on the recognition of the rights of private property
  4. ) economic decisions are PREDOMINANTLY shaped by the forces of supply and demand.
41
Q

What do Liberals believe people are?

A
  1. ) Rational political order

2. ) Essentially good people

42
Q

What do Liberals attribute failure?

A
  1. ) Obsolete social institutions
  2. ) Education other than liberal arts

remedy social reform or democratization

43
Q

What state of human nature do humans find themselves?

A

1.) Free = do whatever you want

44
Q

What if the state of nature is not licensed?

A

1.) Not harm others or killed. Law of nature = reason

45
Q

What distinction does John Locke make between state of nature and state of war?

A

That the state of war is not natural, And state of war is the enmityband destruction. State of nature is reason among men without a superior common on Earth

46
Q

What does FLP stand for?

A

Fundamental Liberal Principle

47
Q

What institution according to Liberals obviates war? What are the arguments?

A

Democracy

  1. 1) Burden argument:
    - peaceful because citizens rule politely and have to bear the costs of war.
  • Unlike monarchs citizens are not able to indulge their agressive passions and have consequences suffered by someone else.
    1. 2) Legitamacy Argument
  • the sovereigns of the state are representative and legislatures get their power from the consent of the electorate.
  • Juridical freedom preserves the moral autonomy of the indivual.
    1. 3) Regular turnover among officeholders
48
Q

What is the most important thing elections do?

A

Thether or connect the government to the people or hold them accountable.

49
Q

What is so special about elections?

A
  1. ) Vertical accountability

2. ) Preserve moral freedom voices are heard.

50
Q

How do elections preserve moral freedom?

A

Compelled to be treated as ethical subjects not as objects.

51
Q

Are democratic regimes legitimate?

A

Yes, because compelled to be treated as ethical people.

52
Q

What is democratic theory?

A

Argument of empirical evidence that shows democracies have yet to go to war.

53
Q

What is the basic postulate of Liberal IR?

A

Left alone not enagage in war. Democracies empirical evidence

54
Q

What are the 7 institutions according to Liberals that obviate war?

A
  1. ) Democracy
  2. ) Free Trade
  3. ) Capitalism
  4. ) Public opinion
  5. ) Open covenants of peace, openly arrived
  6. ) Broadly Designed Liberal Arts Education
  7. ) Collective security
  8. ) Diplomatic and International Law, and the Pacific Settlements Disputes.
55
Q

How does democracy according to Liberals Obviate war?

A
  • citizens rule the polity and bear the costs of war

- governments must ask permission or consent to go to war.

56
Q

How does Free Trade according to Liberals Obviate war?

A
  • unit labor

- Intercourse or communications and dealings between indivuals or groups. Commerce trade of ideas and goods.

57
Q

How does Capitalism according to Liberals Obviate war?

A
  • produces unwarlike position

- democratized, individualized, rational

58
Q

How does public opinion according to Liberals Obviate war?

A
  • Every man possess of reason must weigh evidence
59
Q

How does open covenants of peace, openly arrived at according to Liberals Obviate war?

A
  • covenants=treaties
  • open=transparent
  • openly arrived at= the negotiations are transparent
60
Q

How does Broadly-Designed Liberal Arts according to Liberals Obviate war?

A
  • broadens one’s vista
  • destroys prejudices
  • new viewpoints and ideas
  • makes people confront uncomfortable ideas
61
Q

How does Collective Security according to Liberals Obviate war?

A

-One for all and all for one

62
Q

How does Diplomacy, International Law, and the Pacific Settlement of Disputes according to Liberals Obviate war?

A
  • negotiation
  • mediation
  • arbitration
  • adjudication
63
Q

What do democracies create? Of layer

A

A zone of seperate peace. In which empirically democratic states have yet to go to war with one another.

64
Q

What are social facts?

A

Democracy, war, terrorism, they have no natural existence.

65
Q

What is a country?

A

A territorial component of the concept of a state.

66
Q

What is sovereignty?

A
  1. ) Internal Sovereignty= on its territory the state accepts no other auhtority as its equal, supreme over all other authorities.
  2. ) external sovereignty= independece= the state recognizes no outisde authority as its superior.
67
Q

How do we define the international system? Hint 3

A

1.) constellation of objects or elements
2.) system is a set that satisfies two conditions:
-the elements of the set are involved in sufficient interaction such that
- behavior of one element impacts the other elements
3.) Consequently, an international system is a constellation of states that staifies two conditions:
-sufificent interaction among states such as war diplomacy
- behvaior of each state enter decisionmakong calculus of other state.
-

68
Q

How do we fix failure of social order according to Liberals? Hint 3

A
  1. ) Education liberal arts
  2. ) reform
  3. ) sporadic use of force to remedy these defects.
69
Q

What is John Locke second treatise about war?

A

War is not natural, artifical contrivance, people do not want war, rather led by mitilatiriatic leaders.

70
Q

What is independence?

A

External sovereignty= the state recognizes no outise authority as its superior.

71
Q

Does the law of nature permit licence?

A

No because it has reason and teaches mankind not to harm others or quit their station willfully.

72
Q

What governs the state of nature?

A

The law of nature.

73
Q

What does liberalism teach you?

A

The law of nature=reason= dont harm others or yourself.

74
Q

What is the state of nature?

A

The idea of life without government, without a state or laws.

75
Q

What is failure of social order for liberals? Hint 3

A
  1. ) lack of knowledge and understanding
  2. ) obsolescence social institutions
  3. ) depravity of certain isolated individuals
76
Q

What according to Liberals we should trust to solve social failure?

A
  1. ) education
  2. ) reform
  3. ) sporadic use if force to remedy these effects.
77
Q

What is social contract theory according to Locke?

A

Government was created for the consent of the people, and serve the people.

Ps 230 And Ps 388 (22 decks)

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