Why Do Some Tectonic Hazards Develop Into Disasters? Flashcards
What is a hazard?
A percieved natural event formed by tectonic processes which has the potential to threaten both life and property
What is the defenition of a disaster?
Means different things to different people
UN= a serious disruption of the function of a communtiy, when a societys ability to cope cant be met with their own resources
Kills 10 or injures 100
What are the factors of vulnerability?
Settlement location
Knowledge and understanding
The ability to retreat
Resilience, community adaptation and preparedness
What is the risk equation?
Risk= hazardx exposure x(vulnerability / manageability)
What is the PAR model
Pressure and release model
Suggests that without a hazard taking place and without some degree of vulnerability- a diaster cannot occur.
How is a nut cracker tool similar to the PAR model
With the pressure of a hazard on the population on 1 side and the factors that amke them vulnerable on the other side.
If this pressure is too great the nut will crack ( a disaster will occur)
Howdoes being a HIC decrease the chance of a hazard becoming a diaster?
Asiemic design
Education and training
Search and rescue
Constant monitoring
How do we measure magnitude
Richter scale
Moment magnitude scale
How does the richter scale work
Uses thearrival time of P and S waves the amplitude of the S waves and the distance from the epicentre to calculate magnitude
How does the moment magnitude scale work
Uses energy releasedby all shockwaves as well as the area of rupture and movement/ strength of the rock broken
What is the mercalli scale
Not quantafiable subjective data not entirely reliable different people experince things different
What is the volcanic explosivity index
Starts at 0 with little ejection
The higher the number the more tephra released
Each level is 10x more explosive
What is hazard profiling
Allows us to compare hazrads in term of dates magnitude and death rates.
