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Geography > Development theories > Flashcards

Development theories Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 development theories?

A

World systems theory
Dependancy theory
Modernisation theory

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2
Q

When was the modernisation theory created?

A

In the 1960s

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3
Q

Who created the modernisation theory?

A

WW Rostow

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4
Q

What is the modernisation theory?

A

a theory that a country would develop in 5 stages

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5
Q

What are the five stages of the modernisation theory?

A

Traditional theory
Pre-conditions for take off
Take off
Drive to maturity
High mass conumption

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6
Q

Does any country fit tradional society of modernisation theory?

A

No

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7
Q

What is the traditional society stage of the modernaisation theory?

A

Mainly agricultural
Little manufacturing
Leaders are landowners
Rule of law limited

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8
Q

When was traditional society in the UK?

A

600 years (1400-1500)

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9
Q

What is the pre-conditions for take off stage of modernisation theory?

A

growth of manufaucturing
still mainly agricultural
development of central governement
basic legal system

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10
Q

What are some examples of nations that are in the pre-conditions for take off stage?

A

Agrarian African nations (Mali and Somalia)

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11
Q

when was the uk in the pre-conditions for take off stage?

A

early 1800’s

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12
Q

What is the take off stage?

A

Focus on manufacturing
Surge in technology
development of court system
know currency

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13
Q

when was the take off stage for the uk?

A

late 1800’s start of industrial revolution

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14
Q

what are some exmaples of countries currenlty on take off stage?

A

Bangladesh
Pakistan

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15
Q

what is the drive to maturity stage?

A

significant economic growth
technology embedded into life
highly industrialised

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16
Q

What are some countries in the drive to maturity stage?

A

India
Brazil
China

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17
Q

when was UK in the dirve to maturity stage?

A

1950’s-60’s

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18
Q

what is high mass consumption? (Last part of development model)

A

Tertiary and quaternary industry (brain power)
Highly educated society
significant social welfare (society)

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19
Q

what are some examples of countries who are in high mass consumption stage?

A

UK
USA
France
Australia

20
Q

when did the UK enter the high mass consumption stage?

A

1970’s-80’s

21
Q

what is the main problem with the modernisation theory?

A

only looks at economic growth and cannot help understand the culture and political aspects needed for superpower status

22
Q

Why should we not bet 100% china will be the next superpower?

A

As Japan were predicted to be a global superpower but they have not reached this level

23
Q

What was Japan destined to be in the 1980?

A

A global superpower

24
Q

How did Japans GDP per capita compare to the rest of the globe in the 1980’s?

A

Had a higher GDP per capita then the USA or UK

25
Q

Why was Japan destined to be the next superpower?

A

due to being the world leader in technological exports

26
Q

What happened to the Japanese economy in 1990/95?

A

its economy popped

27
Q

How did property cause the Japan economy pop?

A

property value bubble burst causing a collapse of the stock maket

28
Q

How did high interest rates cause the Japan economy to pop?

A

high interest rates of 4-6% encouraged saving over spending (slowing economy)

29
Q

How did an ageing popualtion cause the Japan economy to collapse?

A

Became a problem wuickly as there were less individuls who were earning and spending money (further slowing economic growth)

30
Q

How did competitors lead to the Japan economic pop?

A

more competitive Asian nations (China and South Korea) stole Japans lead on hi-tech consumer goods

31
Q

who created the dependancy theory?

A

A.G. Frank

32
Q

How did Frank view the world?

A

as having a developed core and underdeveloped periphery

33
Q

What did Frank theorise? (Superpowers)

A

that the developed core deliberately keeps the periphery in a state of underdevelopment by exploiting its cheap resources, taking the most skilled worekers and selling it manufactured goods

34
Q

What things do developed nations ‘give’ that keep the periphery underdeveloped?

A

Manufactured goods
Polluting industry
Aid
Brain drain

35
Q

What does the periphery give that keeps core countries rich?

A

Politial and economic ideas
Raw materials
Political support
Debt repayment + Purchase payments

36
Q

Who created the world systems theory?

A

Wallerstein

37
Q

What is the world systems theory?

A

that there is a world economic system where some countries benefit and some are exploited

38
Q

What does the world system say about core countries?

A

Dominant
Capitalist
exploit peripheral countries for labour and raw material

39
Q

What does the world systems theory say about Peripheral countries?

A

dependent on core countries for capital and are less industrialized and urbanized

40
Q

WHat does the world system say about semi-peripheral countries?

A

countries share characteristics of both core and periphral countries

41
Q

What is the USA an example of in the world systems theory?

A

Core country

42
Q

Why is the USA a core country?

A

lots of capital
lots of well-paid labour
import materials from nearby Mexico and Brazil

43
Q

What is India seen as in the world systems theory?

A

Semi-peripheral

44
Q

Why is India seen as semi-peripheral?

A

largely dependant on foreign investors for capital
growing tech industry
emerging middle class market

45
Q

What is Cape Verde on world systems theory?

A

Peripheral country

46
Q

Why is Cape Verde seen as a peripheral country?

A

foreing investors extract raw materials
produce cash crops
all are exported to wealthier nations with little profit return

Geography (103 decks)

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