11: Bones, ligaments and joints of the pelvic girdle and thigh

Question 1

Functions of lower limb

Answer 1

Carries heavy load of torso above
Exerts large forces
Resists large forces

Question 2

Movements of hip

Answer 2

Flexion + extension
Adduction + abduction
Internal + external
Rotation
Circumduction

Question 3

Movements of knee

Answer 3

Flexion + extension

Question 4

Movements of ankle

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 5

Movements of foot

Answer 5

Inversion and eversion

Question 6

Movements of toes

Answer 6

Flexion + extension

Question 7

Anteriorly each hip is joined at the

Answer 7

Pubic symphysis

Question 8

Posteriorly, each hip is joined at the

Answer 8

sacrum (sacroiliac joint)

Question 9

3 bones of hip bone

Answer 9

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 10

In children the 3 hip bones are held together by

Answer 10

Triradiate cartilage

Question 11

Socket in hip

Answer 11

Acetabulum

Question 12

Ball

Answer 12

Head of femur

Question 13

Learn hip bone features

Question 14

Ligament at inferior part of acetabulum is

Answer 14

Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 15

Features of male pelvis

Answer 15

General structure: pelvis is heavy + thick
Pelvic brim: smaller + heart shaped
Pubic arch: angle is smaller <90°
Distance between ischial spines is less

Question 16

Features of female pelvis

Answer 16

General structure: thin + light
Pelvic brim: larger + more oval
Pubic arch: bigger angle > 100
Distance between ischial spines is greater

Question 17

How many vertebra in the sacrum

Answer 17

5

Question 18

Bones in sacroiliac joints

Answer 18

Sacrum + iliac bones

Question 19

Learn features of sacrum

Question 20

What does the femur articulate with proximally

Answer 20

Acetabulum

Question 21

What does the femur articulate with distally

Answer 21

Tibial plateau

Question 22

Auricular surface of each ilium articulates with

Answer 22

Iliac surface of sacrum

Question 23

Learn features of femur

Question 24

The femur is prone to…. fractures

Answer 24

Comminuted

Question 25

What is another name for the hip joint

Answer 25

Acetabulofemoral joint

Question 25

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

Answer 25

Atypical plane synovial joint

Question 25

Head of femur is covered in…. except

Answer 25

Hyaline cartilage Fovea

Question 26

….surface of acetabulum is covered with…

Answer 26

Lunate Hyaline cartilage

Question 27

Acetabulum is deepened by

Answer 27

Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum ( bowl looking thing)

Question 28

Acetabular fossa contains

Answer 28

Fat

Question 29

.... Ligament completes socket inferiorly

Answer 29

Transverse acetabular

Question 30

Extracapsular ligaments of the acetabulofemoral joint

Answer 30

lliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 31

Function of iliofemoral ligament

Answer 31

Limits hip extension

Question 32

Function of pubofemoral ligament

Answer 32

Limits hip abduction and extension

Question 33

Function of ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 33

Limits hip extension (spiral fibers)

Question 34

Intracapsular ligaments of acetabulofemoral joint

Answer 34

Ligamentum Teres (capitis)

Question 35

Functions of ligamentum teres

Answer 35

Passes from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head Carries a small branch from the obturator artery (foveolar artery) Provides arterial supply to head of femur

Question 36

Other name for artery of ligamentum

Answer 36

Foveolar artery

Question 37

Learn ant and post surface anatomy of the pelvic girdle

Question 38

Hip dislocation

Answer 38

A force from anterior, applied along the longitudinal axis of femur, can push it posteriorly out of the acetabulum

Question 39

Posterior dislocation of the femur can damage

Answer 39

The sciatic nerve

Question 40

Hip fracture =

Answer 40

Fracture of femoral neck

Question 41

AVN of femoral head

Answer 41

Vessels severed along fractured femoral neck Artery of ligamentum teres does not provide enough supply to femoral head Femoral head becomes ischaemic then necrotic

Question 42

Osteoarthritis

Answer 42

Degenerative disease where joint cartilage breaks down and bone starts to grind onbone

Question 43

Joint repair of the hip

Answer 43

Hip arthroplasty