14: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of gluteal region

Question 1

Origin of gluteus medius

Answer 1

External iliac surface between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Question 2

Insertion of gluteus medius

Answer 2

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 3

innervation of gluteus medius

Answer 3

Superior gluteal nerve ( L5,S1)

Question 4

Actions of gluteus medius

Answer 4

*Abducts femur at hip joint
*Internally rotates femur at hip joint
*Stabilises pelvis in coronal plane

Question 5

Origin of gluteus minimus

Answer 5

External iliac surface between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Question 6

Insertion of gluteus minimus

Answer 6

Anterior surface of greater trochanter

Question 7

Innervation of gluteus minimus

Answer 7

Superior gluteal nerve ( L5,S1)

Question 8

Actions of gluteus minimus

Answer 8

*Abducts femur at hip joint
*Internally rotates femur at hip joint
*Stabilises pelvis in coronal plane

Question 9

Weakness of hip abductors

Answer 9

Trendelenburg sign

Question 10

Trendelenburg’s gait

Answer 10

When standing on one leg, hip abductors are unable to counteract gravity
Opposite side of pelvis tilts inferiorly
Patient leans to the same side as weak hip abductors

Question 11

Tensor fasciae Latae origin

Answer 11

ASIS + Anterior iliac crest

Question 12

Tensor fasciae Latae insertion

Answer 12

Iliotibial tract

Question 13

Tensor fasciae Latae innervation

Answer 13

Superior gluteal nerve (L5 - S1)

Question 14

Actions of Tensor fasciae Latae (3)

Answer 14

Abducts, flexes + internally rotates thigh Stabilizes knee while leg is extended

Question 15

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Question 16

Origin of piriformis

Answer 16

Anterior surface of sacrum
Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 17

Insertion of piriformis

Answer 17

Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foremen
Superior border of greater trochanter

Question 18

Innervation of piriformis (S1/S2)

Answer 18

Nerve to piriformis (S1/S2)

Question 19

Actions of piriformis

Answer 19

Externally rotates extended thigh
Abducts flexed thigh
Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum

Question 20

Origin of superior gemellus

Answer 20

Ischial spine

Question 21

Insertion of superior gemellus

Answer 21

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 22

Innervation of superior gemellus

Answer 22

Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)

Question 24

Origin of piriformis

Answer 24

Anterior surface of sacrum
Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 25

Insertion of piriformis And what does it go through

Answer 25

Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen Superior border of greater trochanter

Question 26

Innervation of piriformis

Answer 26

Nerve to piriformis (s1/s2)

Question 27

Actions of piriformis (3)

Answer 27

Externally rotates an extended thigh Abducts a flexed thigh Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum

Question 28

Origin of superior gemellus

Answer 28

Ischial spine

Question 29

Insertion of superior gemellus

Answer 29

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 30

Innervation of superior gemellus

Answer 30

Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)

Question 31

Actions of superior gemellus (3)

Answer 31

Externally rotates an extended thigh Abducts a flexed thigh Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum

Question 32

Obturator internus origin

Answer 32

Inner surface of obturator membrane and its bony boundaries

Question 33

Muscles of triceps coxae

Answer 33

Obturator internus Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus

Question 34

Obturator internus insertion

Answer 34

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 35

Obturator internus innervation

Answer 35

Nerve to Obturator internus (L5,S1)

Question 36

Actions of obturator internus

Answer 36

Externally rotates an extended thigh Abducts a flexed thigh Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum

Question 37

Origin of inferior gemellus

Answer 37

Ischial tuberosity

Question 38

Insertion of inferior gemellus

Answer 38

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 39

Innervation of inferior gemellus

Answer 39

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 40

Actions of inferior gemellus

Answer 40

Externally rotates an extended thigh Abducts a flexed thigh Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum

Question 41

Origin of quadratus femoris

Answer 41

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Question 42

Insertion of quadratus femoris

Answer 42

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

Question 43

Innervation of quadratus femoris

Answer 43

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 44

Actions of quadratus femoris

Answer 44

Lateral rotation of thigh Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum

Question 45

What are the cutaneous nerves of the gluteal region

Answer 45

Superior, middle and inferior clunial nerves + lateral branch of the iliohypogastric nerve

Question 46

What cutaneous nerve supplies part of the lateral buttocks

Answer 46

lateral branch of the iliohypogastric nerve

Question 47

What is sciatica What are the symptoms Treatment

Answer 47

Sciatic nerve impingement Shooting pain down back of leg Rest, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants

Question 48

Sciatic nerve splits into…. and…. before exiting…..

Answer 48

Tibial nerve Fibula nerve The greater sciatic foramen

Question 49

Anatomical variation of sciatic nerve

Answer 49

Some people have common fibula nerve passing through piriformis Some people have common fibula nerve passing superior to piriformis

Question 50

Internal iliac artery supplies

Answer 50

Gluteal region and pelvic region

Question 51

External iliac artery supplies

Answer 51

Thigh, leg + foot

Question 52

The sacrospinous ligament runs from…. to….

Answer 52

Sacrum ischial spine

Question 53

Function of sacrospinous ligament

Answer 53

Stabilizes sacroiliac joint

Question 54

The sacrotuberous ligament runs from….to….

Answer 54

Sacrum Ischial tuberosity

Question 55

Gluteal muscles

Answer 55

Superficial: Gluteus Maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Deep: Piriformis Superior gemellus Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Quadratus Femoris

Question 56

Origin of gluteus Maximus (3)

Answer 56

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line Lateral part of posterior sacrum-coccyx Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 57

Insertion of gluteus Maximus

Answer 57

Iliotibial tract Gluteal tuberosity on posterolateral femur

Question 58

Innervation of gluteus Maximus

Answer 58

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 59

Actions of gluteus Maximus

Answer 59

Extends thigh External rotation of femur