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Anatomy > 5: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of pectoral and dorsal regions > Flashcards

5: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of pectoral and dorsal regions Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What is muscle

A

Contractile tissue made of myocytes

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2
Q

Muscle origin

A

Proximal attachment (usually remains fixed)

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3
Q

Muscle insertion

A

Distal attachment (usually moves)

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle consists of :

A

myocytes bundled into fascicles, bundled into muscle

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5
Q

Brachial

A

Relating to, or situated in the arm

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6
Q

Plexus

A

A network of anastomosing or interlacing blood vessels or nerves

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7
Q

Brachial plexus

A

The system of nerves that emerge lateral to the spinal cord and
Allow motor nerves to send their signals from brain to upper limb muscles
Allow sensory nerves to send their signals back to the brain

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8
Q

Movements of the scapula

A

Elevation + depression
Protraction + retraction
Upward + downward rotation

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9
Q

Scapular movers/ stabilizers (6)

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

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10
Q

Origin of trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance
Nuchal ligament
Spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae

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11
Q

Insertion of trapezius

A

Spine of scapula
Acromion of scapula
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

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12
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)

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13
Q

Actions of trapezius (4)

A

Powerful retractor of scapula
Elevates scapula
Depresses scapula
Upward rotation of scapula

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14
Q

Origin of levator scapula

A

Transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae

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15
Q

Insertion of levator scapula

A

Superior part of medial border of scapula

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16
Q

Innervation of levator scapula

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 - 5)

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17
Q

Actions of levator scapula

A

Elevates medial border of scapula
Downward rotation of scapula

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18
Q

Origin of rhomboid minor

A

Spinous process of C7-T1 vertebrae

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19
Q

Insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Medial border of scapula root of the spine

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20
Q

Innervation of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 - 5)

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21
Q

Actions of rhomboid minor

A

Retracts scapula
Downward rotation of scapula

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22
Q

Roots of dorsal scapular nerve

A

Spinal nerve roots C4 -5

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23
Q

Course of dorsal scapular nerve

A

Passes inferiorly, medial to medial border of scapula

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23
Q

Origin of pectoralis minor

A

Anterior surface of ribs 3-5

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23
Insertion of pectoralis minor
coracoid process of the scapula
24
What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate
Levator scapula Rhomboid minor Rhomboid Major
25
Actions of pectoralis minor
Protracts and stabilizes scapula by pulling it antero-inferiorly onto posterior thoracic wall
25
Origin of serratus anterior
Medial border of scapula, anterior surface
25
Insertion of serratus anterior
Individual muscle slips that insert into anterolateral surface of ribs 1-8
25
Actions of serratus anterior
Protracts and stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly against thoracic wall Assists with upward rotation of scapula by pulling inferior angle laterally
25
Innervation of pectoralis minor
Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
25
Course of medial pectoral nerve
Arises from medial cord of brachial plexus Formed by contributions from spinal nerve roots C8 - T1
26
Innervation of serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve (C5-7)
26
Course of long thoracic nerve
Formed from spinal nerve roots C5 -7 Passes inferiorly over the lateral surface of serratus anterior Innervates serratus anterior
27
Is the long thoracic nerve protected?
Protected when limbs at side, but is vulnerable when limbs elevated
28
Cause of long thoracic nerve palsy
Injuries to the long thoracic nerve, due to trauma, heavy weightlifting, repeated throwing
29
Consequences of long thoracic nerve palsy
Scapula can not be held firmly against posterior aspect of thoracic cage due to paralysis of serratus anterior
30
Origin of pectoralis major
Clavicular head: medial 1/2 clavicle Steroncostal head: sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages
31
Insertion of pectoralis major
Lateral lip of bicipital groove
32
Innervation of pectoralis major
Medial pectoral nerve (C8 -T1) Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7)
33
Actions of pectoralis major
Flexes shoulder from the extended position Adducts + internally rotates humerus
34
Course of medial pectoral nerve
Arises from medial cord of brachial plexus Formed by contributions from spinal nerve roots C8-T1 Passes inferiorly deep to pectoralis minor providing innervation
35
Course of lateral pectoral nerve
Arises from lateral cord of brachial plexus Formed by contributions from spinal nerve roots C5-7 Descends deep to pectoral muscles and innervates them from posterior
36
Insertion of latissimus dorsi
Floor of bicipital groove
37
Origin of latissimus dorsi (5)
Thoracolumbar fascia Inferior ribs Posterior iliac crest of pelvis Inf 6 thoracic vertebrae
38
Actions of latissimus dorsi
Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus Downward rotation of scapula
39
Innervation of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve C6 - 8
40
Course of thoraco-dorsal nerve
Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus Formed by contributions from C6-8 spinal nerves Passes inferiorly between scapula and thorax to reach and innervate latissimus dorsi Upon reaching L. Dorsi - runs obliquely along L. Dorsi , innervating the whole muscle
41
What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?
Levator scapula Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major
42
Origin of rhomboid major
Spinous process of T2- T5 vertebrae
43
Insertion of rhomboid major
Medial border of scapula (inferior 2/3)
44
Innervation of rhomboid major
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 -5)
45
Actions of rhomboid major
Retracts scapula Downward rotation of scapula
46
As the subclavian artery crosses the lateral border of the 1st rib it becomes known as...
The axillary artery
47
3 parts of axillary artery
Proximal to pectoralis minor (1 branch ) Deep to pectoralis minor (2 branches) Distal to pectoralis minor (3 branches)
48
Once the axillary artery passes the inferior border of the teres major muscle, it becomes known as...
The brachial artery
49
Part 1: superior thoracic artery course
Passes anteriorly and inferiorly between pectoralis major and minor Supplies P. Major and P.Minor
50
Part 2: thoracoacromial artery course
Runs over pectoralis minor and divides into four branches supplying Clavicle Deltoid Acromion Pectoral muscles
51
Part 2: lateral thoracic artery course
Descends along lower border of pectoralis minor to supply Serratus anterior Pectoral muscles (Breast)
52
Part 3: anterior circumflex humeral artery
Passes anteriorly around surgical neck of humerus anastomosing with posterior circumflex humeral artery
53
Part 3: posterior circumflex humeral artery
Passes posteriorly around surgical neck of humerus anastomosing with anterior circumflex humeral artery
54
Part 3: subscapular artery
Largest branch of axillary artery Divides into circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery
55
What supplies medial and superior scapula
Terminal branches from subclavian artery
56
What supplies inferior and lateral scapula
Terminal branches from axillary artery

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