1.1 Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

What is the function of a mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 1

• Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration
• Mitochondria releases energy to the cell
• Mitochondria are abundant in metabolically active cells like muscle cells 💪

Question 2

What is the function of the cell membrane in a cell?

Answer 2

• The cell membrane holds the cell together
• The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave

Question 3

What are ribosomes and where are they found in a cell?

Answer 3

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and are found in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 4

The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA), which controls the activities of the cell

Question 5

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

The cytoplasm supports internal cell structures and is the site for many chemical reactions

Question 6

What is the cell wall made of and what is its function?

Answer 6

• The cell wall is made of cellulose and provides extra support to the cell
• prevents bursting

Question 7

What are chloroplasts and their function?

Answer 7

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll pigments, which absorb light energy during photosynthesis

Question 8

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 8

• The permanent vacuole is a storage organ that stores cell sap (a solution of dissolved sugars and ions).
• The vacuole also supports the cell structure.

Question 9

Name the structures found in bacterial cells?

Answer 9

• Plasmid DNA
• Cytoplasm
• Circular DNA
• Ribosomes
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall made out of peptidoglycan
• flagellum

Question 10

Compare the cell structures found in plant cells and bacterial cells

Answer 10

• Both have a cell wall and a cell membrane
• Plant cells have chloroplasts, mitochondria , a nucleus and a permanent vacuole.
• Bacterial cells have a circular DNA and plasmids

Question 11

What is cellulose made from

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

2 Functions of root hair cell

Answer 12

• Absorption of water by Osmosis
• Absorption of mineral ions by Active Transport

Question 13

Describe how a root hair cell is adapted to its function

Answer 13

• They have a profusion called root hairs, which increases the surface area to volume ratio for absorption of water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport.
• Large number of mitochondria, therefore, the result is more active transport.

Question 14

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 14

The sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote through the process of fertilization.

Question 15

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 15

Transports oxygen

Question 16

How is the red blood cell adapted to its function?

Answer 16

• No nucleus and mitochondria give high SA
• Haemoglobin gives red color -> Hb + oxy –> oxyhaemoglobin

Question 17

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 17

Fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote in the process of fertilization.

Question 18

What is the function of xylem vessels?

Answer 18

• Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
• Gives mechanical support to the plant

Question 19

How are xylem vessels adapted to their function?

Answer 19

• Lignin in cell walls gives the hardness and rigidity
• Dead cell organelles vanish as a result
• No cross walls giving a continuous hollow passage as a result