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Germany History > 1.1 Political and Governmental Change - FRG > Flashcards

1.1 Political and Governmental Change - FRG Flashcards

Revision

1
Q

When was the Potsdam Conference?

A

17 July - 2 August 1945

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2
Q

What was decided at Potsdam?

A

Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones
single economic unit
aim for same systems

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3
Q

What was the first party established and when?

A

KPD
11 June 1945

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4
Q

What was the second party to form and when?

A

SPD
15 June 1945

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5
Q

What was the outcome of the October 1946 elections?

A

SED (KPD + SPD) won in Soviet zone, did much worse in others

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6
Q

When was Basic Law announced?

A

23 May 1949

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7
Q

What was the main concept of Basic Law?

A

free and liberal democracy
- equal rights to all citizens
- free speech

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8
Q

What did Articles 20 and 21 allow?

A

right to resist anyone undermining the constitution
right to ban any undemocratic parties

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9
Q

How was the President elected?

A

Every 5 years by Bundestag and Bundesrat

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10
Q

How was the Bundestag elected?

A

Ever 4 years, vote for both a regional representative and a party

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11
Q

How was the Bundesrat chosen?

A

representatives from and chosen by the Lander

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12
Q

When was the FRG’s first election?

A

14 August 1949

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13
Q

What was the outcome of the FRG’s first election?

A

CDU/CSU 31%
SPD 29%
Adenauer Chancellor

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14
Q

When was the GDR’s constitution announced?

A

7 October 1949

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15
Q

What was the Hallstein Doctrine?

A

1955
refused to legally recognise GDR
FRG spoke for all of Germany
cut off relations with countries with relations to GDR

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16
Q

What countries did FRG cut off for having relations with the GDR?

A

Yugoslavia 1957
Cuba 1963

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17
Q

When was Adenauer chancellor?

A

1949-63

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18
Q

What was Adenauer’s leadership style?

A

authoritarian, forceful
appointed weak ministers
amount of power criticised - ‘Chancellor democracy’

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19
Q

What did Adenauer do to voting?

A

1953 - changed vote allocation - harder for smaller parties to gain seats
1957 - limited even further - became 3 party house with shifting coalitions (CDU/CSU, SPD, FDP)

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20
Q

When was the Socialist Reich Party banned and why?

A

1952
extreme right wing

21
Q

When was the KPD banned?

A

1956

22
Q

When restoring the civil service, what was the policy?

A

Year zero

23
Q

What did Article 131 do and when was it added?

A

allowed ex-Nazis in civil service
11 May 1951

24
Q

How many ex-Nazis were working in the foreign ministry in 1952?

A

4

25
Q

What were some of Adenauer’s concerning attempts to limit free speech?

A

Jan 1961 - tried to set up government controlled TV station - ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court 28 Feb
Oct 1962 - supported arrest of Der Spiegel journalists who criticised FRG’s involvement in NATO

26
Q

Why did Adenauer resign?

A

pressure - FDP ministers had resigned, SPD coalition secured only by resigning

27
Q

What split happened within the CDU/CSU?

A

Atlanticists vs Gaulists

28
Q

When was Erhard chancellor?

A

1963-6

29
Q

What was Erhard’s international policy?

A

Atlanticist

30
Q

What was Erhard’s concerning policy?

A

tried to introduce emergency laws to tap phones, search homes, open mail - SPD refused to support

31
Q

What policy lead to Erhard’s resignation?

A

introduced heavy taxation- FDP ministers resigned - could not form a coalition so Erhard resigned

32
Q

When was Kiesenger chancellor?

A

1966-9

33
Q

What was Kiesenger?

A

former Nazi Party member

34
Q

What did Kiesenger do to Basic Law?

A

28 June 1968 - amended to be more repressive and greater police power

35
Q

When was Brandt chancellor?

A

1969-74

36
Q

What were Brandt’s beliefs?

A

critical of year zero, supported Ostpolitik

37
Q

What changes did Brandt make?

A

decriminalised homosexuality
reduced voting age to 18

38
Q

What did the CDU to try and get rid of Brandt?

A

‘constructive vote of no confidence’
Barzel named as replacement
failed by 2 votes

39
Q

What did Brandt do in response to the CDU?

A

Nov 1972 - called an early election
highest turnout ever, SPD won - vote of confidence in him

40
Q

When did Brandt resign and why?

A

24 May 1974
despite his party’s support
advisor was discovered to be GDR spy

41
Q

When was Schmidt chancellor?

A

1974-82

42
Q

What were Schmidt’s policies?

A

high taxation and welfare cuts
conservative for an SPD member

43
Q

Why did Schmidt fail to push through his economic policies?

A

growing opposition from Green Party

44
Q

Why did Schmidt resign?

A

forced to by ‘constructive vote of no confidence’
1 Oct 1982

45
Q

When was Kohl chancellor?

A

1982-98

46
Q

What were Kohl’s policies?

A

Ostpolitik, stability

47
Q

What was happening with all parties except the Green Party during Kohl’s chancellorship?

A

media was uncovering corruption

48
Q

When did East Germany relax travel restrictions?

A

1 Jan 1989

49
Q

When did East Germany remove all travel restrictions?

A

9 Nov 1989

Germany History (20 decks)

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