1.2 Opposition, Control and Consent - Weimar Republic

Question 1

What did the Treaty of Versailles impose?

Answer 1

Guilt Clause 281
lost land
army limited to 100,000 troops
reparations: 132,000 million gold marks

Question 2

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 2

Diktat - dictated peace
harsh settlement unilaterally imposed

Question 3

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on public opinion?

Answer 3

utilised as a campaigning point for opposition politicians
resentment
stirred by newspapers

Question 4

What did the unemployed men returning from war form?

Answer 4

private armies

Question 5

Who was dismissed, triggering the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 5

popular police chief in Berlin and radical USPD member Eichorn

Question 6

When was Eichorn dismissed?

Answer 6

4 January 1919

Question 7

Who united in the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 7

Spartacists, USPD members and union officials

Question 8

What happened on 6 January 1919 in the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 8

thousands of armed workers took key buildings
eg. newspaper offices

Question 9

What happened to the government in the Spartacist uprising and why?

Answer 9

Ebert moved it to the Weimar, concerned as this was how Russian Revolution started

Question 10

What happened to the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 10

Crushed by Freikorps, leaders Liebknecht and Luxemburg executed

Question 11

Which states did the communists take over and set up their own governments?

Answer 11

Bavaria
Saxony
Thuringia

Question 12

What happened in Bavaria taken over by the communists?

Answer 12

put down by the army

Question 13

What happened in Saxony and Thuringia taken over by the communists?

Answer 13

Reichsexecution - federal government removed state government and replaced by military government
Saxony: ‘troops were greeted with cheers’

Question 14

Who supported the right-wing?

Answer 14

wealthy landowners
army
industrialists
teachers, passed beliefs on to students

Question 15

When was the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 15

12 March 1920

Question 16

Who led the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 16

Kapp
Luettwitz and Ehrhardt (Freikorps leaders)
Ludendorff (WW1 general)

Question 17

What happened in the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 17

Berlin taken and government fled, proclaimed themselves the new government
most of army didn’t join but wouldn’t fight

Question 18

How was the Kapp Putsch resolved?

Answer 18

trade unions called a general strike = almost universal
4 days later Kapp government fell
Kapp died in prison, but others given short sentences

Question 19

When was the Munich Putsch?

Answer 19

8 November 1923

Question 20

Who led the Munich Putsch?

Answer 20

Hitler and Ludendorff

Question 21

What happened in the Munich Putsch?

Answer 21

Similar to Mussolini’s ‘March on Rome’
SA surrounded beer hall where von Kahr and other officials were in a meeting
announced Bavarian and national governments were deposed and they would be forming a new government

Question 22

How was the Munich Putsch resolved?

Answer 22

one by one those in Beer Hall escaped and organised resistance
only 500 Nazis showed up for march on Berlin in the morning
taken prisoner after short battle with police

Question 23

What happened at Hitler’s trial after the Munich Putsch?

Answer 23

gave a widely reported speech on his beliefs
sentenced to 5 years but possible early release
wrote Mein Kampf in prison
showed he needed to gain power legally

Question 24

When was the Stinnes-Legien agreement?

Answer 24

15 November 1918

Question 25

What did Ebert agree to in the Stinnes-Legien agreement?

Answer 25

legislation on working hours and union representation in exchange for their support

Question 26

What did both the Ebert-Groener and Stinnes-Legien pacts have in common?

Answer 26

secret did not know about the other

Question 27

What was the voter turnout like?

Answer 27

consistently high 1919 - 83% November 1932 - 81%

Question 28

What was pro-constitution party results like?

Answer 28

1919 - 81% November 1932 - 35%

Question 29

What was anti-constitution party results like?

Answer 29

1919 - 18% November 1932 - 58%

Question 30

Which parties were pro-constitution?

Answer 30

SPD, DDP, DVP

Question 31

Which parties were anti-constitution?

Answer 31

KPD, USPD, NSDAP

Question 32

How is it shown that the SA was successful at suppressing political parties?

Answer 32

1932 - 51 parties stood March 1933 - 14 parties stood

Question 33

What were SPD votes like when the government was successful?

Answer 33

1924 - 131 seats 1928 - 153 seats

Question 34

Why was there lopsided control?

Answer 34

differences between response to left and right wing opposition eg. army, judiciary

Question 35

What happened when the government failed?

Answer 35

right wing president elected nazis voted in

Question 36

What even showed support for the Weimar Constitution?

Answer 36

1923 - Saxony welcomed Reichsexecution, 'troops were greeted with cheers'

Question 37

Which had more public support, the government or the constitution?

Answer 37

constitution