1.2 Opposition, Control and Consent - Weimar Republic

Question 1

What did the Treaty of Versailles impose?

Answer 1

Guilt Clause 281
lost land
army limited to 100,000 troops
reparations: 132,000 million gold marks

Question 2

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 2

Diktat - dictated peace
harsh settlement unilaterally imposed

Question 3

What did the unemployed men returning from war form?

Answer 3

private armies

Question 4

Who was dismissed, triggering the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 4

popular police chief in Berlin and radical USPD member Eichorn

Question 5

When was Eichorn dismissed?

Answer 5

4 January 1919

Question 6

Who united in the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 6

Spartacists, USPD members and union officials

Question 7

What happened on 6 January 1919 in the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 7

thousands of armed workers took key buildings
eg. newspaper offices

Question 8

What happened to the government in the Spartacist uprising and why?

Answer 8

Ebert moved it to the Weimar, concerned as this was how Russian Revolution started

Question 9

What happened to the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 9

Crushed by Freikorps, leaders Liebknecht and Luxemburg executed

Question 10

Which states did the communists take over and set up their own governments?

Answer 10

Bavaria
Saxony
Thuringia

Question 11

What happened in Bavaria taken over by the communists?

Answer 11

put down by the army

Question 12

What happened in Saxony and Thuringia taken over by the communists?

Answer 12

Reichsexecution - federal government removed state government and replaced by military government
Saxony: ‘troops were greeted with cheers’

Question 13

Who supported the right-wing?

Answer 13

wealthy landowners
army
industrialists
teachers, passed beliefs on to students

Question 14

When was the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 14

12 March 1920

Question 15

Who led the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 15

Kapp
Luettwitz and Ehrhardt (Freikorps leaders)
Ludendorff (WW1 general)

Question 16

What happened in the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 16

Berlin taken and government fled, proclaimed themselves the new government
most of army didn’t join but wouldn’t fight

Question 17

How was the Kapp Putsch resolved?

Answer 17

trade unions called a general strike = almost universal
4 days later Kapp government fell
Kapp died in prison, but others given short sentences

Question 18

When was the Munich Putsch?

Answer 18

8 November 1923

Question 19

Who led the Munich Putsch?

Answer 19

Hitler and Ludendorff

Question 20

What happened in the Munich Putsch?

Answer 20

Similar to Mussolini’s ‘March on Rome’
SA surrounded beer hall where von Kahr and other officials were in a meeting
announced Bavarian and national governments were deposed and they would be forming a new government

Question 21

How was the Munich Putsch resolved?

Answer 21

one by one escaped and organised resistance
only 500 showed up for march on Berlin in the morning
taken prisoner after short battle with police

Question 22

What happened at Hitler’s trial after the Munich Putsch?

Answer 22

gave a widely reported speech on his beliefs
sentenced to 5 years but possible early release
wrote Mein Kampf in prison
showed he needed to gain power legally

Question 23

When was the Stinnes-Legien agreement?

Answer 23

15 November 1918

Question 24

What did Ebert agree to in the Stinnes-Legien agreement?

Answer 24

legislation on working hours and union representation in exchange for their support

Question 25

What was the voter turnout like?

Answer 25

consistently high
1919 - 83%
November 1932 - 81%

Question 26

What was pro-constitution party results like?

Answer 26

1919 - 81%
November 1932 - 35%

Question 27

What was anti-constitution party results like?

Answer 27

1919 - 18%
November 1932 - 58%

Question 28

Which parties were pro-constitution?

Answer 28

SPD, DDP, DVP

Question 29

Which parties were anti-constitution?

Answer 29

KPD, USPD, NSDAP

Question 30

How is it shown that the SA was successful at suppressing political parties?

Answer 30

1932 - 51 parties stood
March 1933 - 14 parties stood

Question 31

What were SPD votes like when the government was successful?

Answer 31

1924 - 131 seats
1928 - 153 seats

Question 32

Why was there lopsided control?

Answer 32

differences between response to left and right wing opposition
eg. army, judiciary

Question 33

What happened when the government failed?

Answer 33

right wing president elected
nazis voted in

Question 34

What even showed support for the Weimar Government?

Answer 34

1923 - Saxony welcomed Reichsexecution, ‘troops were greeted with cheers’