1.2 Opposition, Control and Consent - FRG Flashcards
Revision (52 cards)
What did the KPD do in Munich in 1953?
6000 communists clashed with police
dispersed using water cannon
What did the Youth protest in the 1960s?
‘year zero’ - ‘What did you do in the war, Daddy?’
military involvement with the west and NATO
atomic weapons
US war in Vietnam
Who were the APO?
left wing, young intellectuals who favoured radical action and did not trust the government
What did the APO do?
December 1965 - Viva Maria! film - radical, revolutionary with bombs and guns
violent (student) protests
How did the SDS form?
broke away from SPD in 1961 as it was becoming less radical
What did the SDS do?
after 1965 increasingly violent student protests
against Vietnam War, NATO, nuclear weapons and year zero
What happened with the SDS in 1967?
during a demonstration against Iran’s human rights Ohnesorg (student protesting) was shot
increased SDS membership but divided opinions towards violence used
What happened with the SDS in 1968?
Dutschke (leader) shot by right-wing fanatic prompted by newspaper coverage
SDS attacked newspaper offices
died down afterwards
11 May 1968 - last demonstration against Basic Law (80,000 people)
What happened to opposition in the 1970s?
in reaction to the increase in police control it became more radical and turned into terrorism
What were the terrorist groups like?
fluid and constantly changing
several gun battles with police per month
eg. West Berlin Tupamaros - 1971 leaders shot or imprisoned - group disbanded and joined others
Who was the Baader-Meinhof Gang?
nicknamed by press
influenced by 1969 book Minimanual for the Urban Guerrilla
trained with the PLO in Jordan
When was the Baader-Meinhof Gang set up?
early 1970
first action bombing in Dahlem May 1970
What happened to the Baader-Meihof Gang in late 1970?
most leaders in prison - went on hunger strikes
Meins died in prison - after that several lawyers and judges houses bombed
What had happened to all of the Baader-Meinhof Gang by 1975?
all arrested and in solitary confinement
after that bombings in Stockholm and Paris to express support for gang
Why did bombings become less frequent?
government control
not actually achieving anything
What was sympathy to the Baader-Meinhof Gang like according to a 1970 poll?
20% of Germans sympathetic
5% would let them stay the night if on the run
What was government control like?
lopsided like the Weimar
came down heavier on the left
BUT left posed greater threat with terrorism
When were BfD and BND set up and what were they set up to do ?
1950 and 1956
investigate suspects of working against Basic Law
What was passed to try and overcome the BND being hampered by civil liberties?
Emergency Law
tried 1960 and 1962
passed 1965
What were the consequences of the Emergency Law 1965?
drop in open protests
increased arrests
underground terrorism (unintended)
What did the BEFA system do?
gave BND centralised access to all FRG police information
What was the GSG-9 and why was it set up?
special operations unit against terrorists
set up aster shooting of Israeli athletes at 1972 Olympic Games
What did the GSG-9 do?
operated worldwide
arrested some of the Baader-Meinhof Gang
17 October 1977 - rescued hostages on a hijacked plane towards Frankfurt
What was terrorism like by the end of the 1970s?
much less activity
BUT governments actions had encouraged terrorism
