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Germany History > 1.4 Aspects of Life - Weimar Republic > Flashcards

1.4 Aspects of Life - Weimar Republic Flashcards

Revision

1
Q

What did the German Civil Code 1900 enforce?

A

women could not vote, married women had no legal status, could not qualify for examined professions

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2
Q

What phrase summed up a woman’s role?

A

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche

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3
Q

What was the situation like for women at the end of WW2?

A

75% were in work
surplus women as 1.6 million men were killed

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4
Q

When were women given the right to vote?

A

12 November 1918

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5
Q

What were the parties’ response to women being given the vote?

A

campaigned to ‘educate’ women to win their vote

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6
Q

What proportion of women voted in the first election?

A

90%

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7
Q

From 1919-32, how many women were elected to the Reichstag?

A

112

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8
Q

What did Article 109 of Basic Law mean for women?

A

equal rights ‘in principle’ eg. in marriage and working
BUT legal status under Civil Code remained

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9
Q

What party supported women’s rights?

A

SPD

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10
Q

How did the birth rate fall from 1911 to 1933?

A

128 to 59 births per 1000 women

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11
Q

How did the divorce rate rise from 1913 to 1932?

A

27 to 65 per 100,000 marriages

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12
Q

What happened to women’s jobs after the war?

A

returned to men - 1925 36% of workforce women, similar to 34% pre war
BUT as work was expanding the actual number of women working was rising

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13
Q

In office work, what was women’s pay like?

A

33% less than men

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14
Q

In 1933, how many women were lawyers and doctors?

A

36 qualified lawyers
almost 5000 doctors

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15
Q

What discrimination did women face in the workforce?

A

viewed as temporary until they got married - not encouraged to have a career
hostility from male colleagues
childcare and the school day meant they struggled to work full time

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16
Q

What were the New Women?

A

1920s cities - young, educated, unmarried women
wore revealing clothes, short hair, smoked, drank, freedom (sexual) like men

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17
Q

How were the New Women seen?

A

criticised by politicians and the media as being immoral
glorified in film - blamed for seducing women to this lifestyle

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18
Q

How did life go in reality for the New Women?

A

faced wage and sexual discrimination
eventually settled down and married

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19
Q

What did the Great Depression mean for women and work?

A

faced hostility as jobs scarce
women’s employment dropped less as cheaper to employ and worked part time
1932 - unemployment 46% men, 33% women

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20
Q

What was introduced for women in work in response to the Great Depression?

A

30 May 1932 - married women with working husbands could be dismissed from the civil service

21
Q

What was the government like regarding education?

A

could not agree
centre party ensured confessional schools remained
no federal education law - failed 1921, 1925, 1927

22
Q

What types of schools were there in 1931?

A

30,000 protestant
15,000 catholic
9,000 common
295 secular
97 jewish

23
Q

What were a child’s options beyond 10 years old?

A

Hauptschule (5 years)
Realschule (6)
Gymnasium (9)

24
Q

In 1928, what backgrounds did university students come from?

A

45% parents in civil service
21% parents university educated
2% working class

25
Q

What proportion of university students were in corporations?

A

56%

26
Q

What are some examples of university corporations?

A

duelling
German-Aryan chambers

27
Q

What were traditional recreational activities in Germany?

A

hiking
opera
more recently radio

28
Q

What was Bauhaus?

A

art movement
named after 1919 design school ran by Walter Gropius
beauty in technology, simple design, careful craftmanship

29
Q

What was Neue Sachlichkeit?

A

art movement
inspired by modern and expressionist movements (pre WW1)
matter of fact representation of life

30
Q

What was the art elite culture?

A

artists, intellectuals, writers
valued by wealthy people who subsidised artists
neue sachlichkeit gave existing ideas a darker twist

31
Q

What was the government-subsidised culture?

A

theatres, orchestras, museums, libraries
small budget as social welfare took priority
eg. Ufa - government organised film consortium, produced revolutionary science -fiction film Metropolis by Fritz Lang - most expensive film at the time

32
Q

What was popular culture like?

A

diverse
US influence - consumer culture, advertising, jazz
cinema - often dark eg. first vampire film Nosferatu 1922

33
Q

To what extent was there censorship?

A

free speech part of the constitution
Criminal Code allowed banning ‘obscene’
censorship to protect U16s from pornography
allowed expressionism to flourish

34
Q

How accepted were ethnic minorities?

A

mostly, but low level discrimination
eg. lower wages, less likely to be hired, elite groups unwelcoming

35
Q

What were ethnic minorities allowed to do under Article 113?

A

speak own languages and preserve national identity
run own schools and daily lives

36
Q

Was Article 113 followed?

A

not always, Lander made their own laws

37
Q

What pseudo-science was significantly believed?

A

eugenics

38
Q

What proportion of the population was Jewish in 1918?

A

1%

39
Q

What proportion of the population was Jewish in 1933?

A

0.76%

40
Q

Where did Jews mostly live?

A

66.8% in cities
led to Berlin nickname ‘Jew Berlin’

41
Q

How many Jews were in the cabinet?

A

5
incl. Walther Rathenau (murdered 1922)

42
Q

What happened to the opinion on Jews after the Great Depression?

A

faced significant blame
population turned to extreme parties (anti-semitic)

43
Q

What group was formed to try and fight the exclusion from Jews from German society?

A

Reich Federation of Jewish Front Soldiers
- 85,000 Jews fought and 12,000 died in WW1

44
Q

How did the Weimar Republic view Gypsies?

A

disliked - moved around, didn’t work, didn’t pay taxes, not involved in wider society

45
Q

What legislation did different Lander adopt regarding Gypsies?

A

1926 - Bavaria - laws to control movement, send children to school and adults to work
adopted in other states eg. Hesse
1927 - Bavaria - required identity cards

46
Q

What happened with the Polish after WW1?

A

border redrawn
500,000 polish and german speakers - often considered themselves German
hostility as the had fought eachother

47
Q

How many Poles left Germany 1925-33?

A

30,000

48
Q

Why did hostility towards black people rise?

A

after the 1923 occupation of the Ruhr
- French army had black units from colonies
500 mixed race children were born = ‘Germany’s shame’
adults found general hostility rose after

Germany History (20 decks)

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