1.1 Precipitation and Agglutination Part 1

Question 1

Serological test is base on what binding?

Answer 1

Antigen-antibody

Question 2

This is developed to detect either antigens or antibodies

Answer 2

Serological test

Question 3

Serological test is base on what reaction”s”?

Answer 3

Precipitation

Agglutination

Question 4

Reaction that is a binding of soluble antigens with antibodies forming visible, insoluble antigen-antibody complexes

Answer 4

Precipitation

Question 5

Reaction that is a binding of particulate antigen with antigens forming larger antigen-antibody complexes

Answer 5

Agglutination

Question 6

Result of precipitation?

Answer 6

Precipitates (IgG = Precipitin antibodies)

Question 7

Result of agglutination?

Answer 7

Large clumps (IgM)

Question 8

The initial force of attraction between a single Fab site and a single epitope

Answer 8

Affinity

Question 9

Affinity is being held by what bond?

Answer 9

Non-covalent bonds

Question 10

Strength of attraction depends on _______of antibody

Answer 10

specificity

Question 11

In affinity, it is between oppositely charged particles

Answer 11

Ionic bonds

Question 12

In affinity, it is a attraction between polar molecules that have a slight charge separation

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds

Question 13

In affinity, it is a bond between non0polar molecules that associate with one another and exclude water molecules

Answer 13

Hydrophobic bonds

Question 14

In affinity, it is a interaction between the electron clouds oscillation dipoles

Answer 14

Van der Waals forces

Question 15

A phenomenon where antibodies can react with antigens resembling the original antigen that induced antibody production

Answer 15

Cross-reactivity

Question 16

NOTE:
High affinity indicates a “Perfect fit” (Perfect lock and key fit)

Low affinity indicates not perfect fit but can attach

Question 17

Represents the overall strength of antigen-antibody binding

Sum of the affinities of all the individual antigen-antibody combining sites

Answer 17

Avidity

Question 18

This can compensate for low affinity

Answer 18

High avidity

Question 19

Curve that tells the optimal reaction depends on the relative proportions

Answer 19

Precipitation curve

Question 20

Equal number of multivalent sites of antigens and antibodies

Answer 20

Zone of equivalence

Question 21

Antibody excess

Answer 21

Prozone phenomenon

Question 22

Antigen excess

Answer 22

Postzone phenomenon

Question 23

Formation of visible lattice between antigen and antibodies

Answer 23

Lattice hypothesis

Question 24

How to resolve prozone

Answer 24

Dilute the sample to decrease antibodies

Question 25

If patient serum is used how to resolve if the result is post zone?

Answer 25

Repeat

Question 26

What are the 2 immunodiffusion techniques?

Answer 26

Passive Electrophoretic

Question 27

A single diffusion technique used for quantitation of antibodies and other serum proteins like complement Antiserum is embedded in agar

Answer 27

Radial immunodiffusion

Question 28

Antibodies that targets other antibodies

Answer 28

Antiglobulins

Question 29

What is the reaction for radial immunodiffusion?

Answer 29

Precipitation

Question 30

A type of Radial immunodiffusion where antigen is allowed to fully diffuse to achieve maximum precipitation End-point method

Answer 30

Mancini method

Question 31

The incubation period in Mancini method depends on the ?

Answer 31

Molecular weight and concentration analytes

Question 32

What is the incubation period of IgG in Mancini method?

Answer 32

24 hrs

Question 33

What is the incubation period of IgM in Mancini method?

Answer 33

50-72 hrs

Question 34

How to get the concentration of Mancini method?

Answer 34

Square of diameter

Question 35

A type of Radial immunodiffusion where measurement are taken before the point of equivalence is reached Kinetic method

Answer 35

Fahey-McKelvey method

Question 36

Fahey-McKelvey method incubation period after to be read?

Answer 36

18 hrs

Question 37

How to measure the diameter of Fahey-McKelvey method

Answer 37

Log concentration

Question 38

Both antigen and antibody diffuse independently through semisolid medium in two dimensions

Answer 38

Ouchterlony Double diffusion

Question 39

Determines if antigens share identical epitopes by placing a multispecific antibody in the central well and different antigens in the surrounding wells

Answer 39

Ouchterlony double diffusions

Question 40

In Ouchterlony double diffusion, the control antigen is similar to a patient antigen which forms a smooth curve

Answer 40

Identity

Question 41

What type of antibody is used in ouchterlony?

Answer 41

Multispecific antibody

Question 42

What are the antigens is used in ouchterlony?

Answer 42

Patient and control

Question 43

In ouchterlony, patient antigen is not the same to the control antigen which forms intersecting precipitation lines

Answer 43

Non-identity

Question 44

In ouchterlony, patient antigen is not the same but has common antigenic determinants to the control antigen which forms spur formation

Answer 44

Partial identity

Question 45

A specific type of precipitation reaction that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentrations Antigen consists of very fine particles that clump together in a positive reaction

Answer 45

Flocculation

Question 46

Veneral disease Research laboratory Test and rapid plasma reagin test is a SCREENING TEST for?

Answer 46

Syphilis

Question 47

Separates molecules according to differences in the electric charges when placed in an electric field

Answer 47

Immunoelectrophoresis

Question 48

incubation in electrophoresis?

Answer 48

18-24 hrs

Question 49

Involves addition of antigen and antibodies separately on two wells cut in a gel plate and placed in an electrical field

Answer 49

Countercurrent Immunoelectrophoresis

Question 50

What is the pH for countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis when antigen migrates

Answer 50

8.6

Question 51

Antigen migrates towards the anode and the antibody migrates toward the cathode? T or F?

Answer 51

T

Question 52

What reaction occurs in the equivalence in countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis?

Answer 52

Precipitation

Question 53

Useful in detecting autoantibodies, antibodies to infectious agents, and certain microbial agents

Answer 53

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis

Question 54

Wells should be paralled in coutercurrent immunoelectrophoresis? T or F

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Antiserum is applied directly to the gel's surface rather than placed in a trough Useful in demonstrating antigens in serum, urine, or CSF in low concentration

Answer 55

Immunofixation electrophoresis

Question 56

Antigen-antibody reaction takes place in less than ?

Answer 56

hour

Question 57

A one dimension electroimmunodiffusion that is used to quantitate antigens other than immunoglobuins

Answer 57

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis

Question 58

Antiserum is incorporated in the agar and the unknown antigen is place in the well and electrophoresed (Rocket) T or F

Answer 58

T

Question 59

Total distance of antigen migration and precipitation is directly proportional to antigen concentration?

Answer 59

T

Question 60

2 typw of light scatter measurement?

Answer 60

Turbidimetry Nephlometry

Question 61

Measures the reduction in light intensity caused by reflection absorption or scatter

Answer 61

Turbidimetry

Question 62

What is being used to measure in turbidimetry?

Answer 62

Spectophotometry

Question 63

Measures light scattered in a particular angle from the incident beam as it passes through a suspension

Answer 63

Nephelometry

Question 64

Provides accurate and precise quantitation of serum proteins at a lower cost and small sample requirement

Answer 64

Nephelometry

Question 65

Involves suspended particulates antigens rather than soluble or colloidal antigens

Answer 65

Agglutination

Question 66

Temp for IgM?

Answer 66

RT or 4C

Question 67

Temp for IgG?

Answer 67

Warm

Question 68

Reaction where antibodies and antigen binds

Answer 68

Sensitization

Question 69

Antigens are naturally attach to larger particulate carrier such as Widal test and ABO groupings

Answer 69

Direct agglutination