Circulation Flashcards
Why do high metabolic rates require efficient delivery of oxygen?
The rate of aerobic respiration must be higher, so there must be more oxygen present for this to be happen.
Order of metabolic rates of amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds and mammals
Birds and mammals have higher metabolic rates than amphibians and reptiles that have higher metabolic rates than fish
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart - at high pressure.
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels which exchange nutrients, gases and waste produce between the blood and tissue
Veins
Carry blood back to the heart - low pressure.
Prevent back flow of blood through the use of valves.
Chambers of heart
Atria and ventricles
Atria
Where blood enters the heart
Ventricles
Where blood leaves the heart
Circulatory systems in vertebrates
They have closed circulatory systems where the blood is contained in a continuous circuit of blood vessels and kept moving by muscular pump - heart.
Single circulatory system
When blood passes through the heart once for each passage of the body.
For example a fish has a single circulatory system
Single circulatory heart
Consist of two chambers - an atrium and a ventricle
Circulation in fish (pressures)
Flows to gills at high pressure but delivered to capillaries at low pressures.
Relatively primitive and inefficient
Double circulatory system
When blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit, pumped to blood at high pressures and pumped to lungs at high pressure ensuring vigorous flow.
More efficient than single circulatory syste,s
Animals that have incomplete double circulatory systems
Reptiles and amphibians
Incomplete double circulation system
Only one ventricle so mixing for the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood occurs
