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22 spring: Physiology > Test 3: lecture 1 > Flashcards

Test 3: lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

two modes of transport for CV system

A

bulk flow

diffusion

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2
Q

Driving force for diffusion

A

concentration gradient (passive)

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3
Q

driving force for bulk flow

A

perfusion pressure from heart pumping- relies on ATP

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4
Q

AV valves have ___ muscles and ___

A

papillary

chordae tendineae (keep valves from everting)

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5
Q

Tricuspid valve is a ___ valve from ___ to ___

A

AV

right atrium → right ventricle

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6
Q

The Mitral valve is a ___ valve on what side of the heart

A

AV valve

left

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7
Q

The aortic and pulmonary valves are ___ valves

A

semilunar

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8
Q

pulmonary circuit is in series meaning__

A

all blood goes to lungs back to heart

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9
Q

systemic circuit is in parallel

A

blood goes everywhere at once so each part can get oxygen

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10
Q

which side is the volume reservior

A

venous

60%

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11
Q

which side of the systemic circuit is the pressure reservior

A

arterial

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12
Q

large arteries are made of

A

elastin

large smooth muscle

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13
Q

medium sized artery is made of

A

less elastin

bigger tunica externa

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14
Q

by ratio what type of vessel has the most smooth muscle

A

arteriole

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15
Q

make up of large vein

A
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16
Q

make up of medium sized vein

A
17
Q

make up of venule

A
18
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

continuous

fenestrated

sinusoid

19
Q

sinusoid capillaries are found in the ___

A

spleen, liver, bone marrow

big holes=big things come through

20
Q

thoracic duct empties into the

A

inferior vena cava

21
Q

nutritional blood supply for vessels

A

vasa vasorum

22
Q

what is in plasma

A

water

solutes proteins- albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, nitrogenous waste, organic nutrients

electrolytes

23
Q

RBC and platelets are made from ___

A

myeloid stem cells (innate)

24
Q

life cycle of RBC

A

myeloid stem cell → erythroblast → reticulocyte from bone marrow

leaves bone marrow, enters blood stream and becomes adult RBC

dies after 120 days→ eaten and broken down into

heme, iron ions and globin amino acids and cell components recycled by liver

25
Q

hemoglobin gets broken into __

A

heme → biliverdin → (attaches to albumin) → bilirubin → liver → bile

iron ion → iron ions bound to transferrin → ferritin → liver

26
Q

polycythemia

A

too many RBC

27
Q

microcytic

A

too small

28
Q

hypochromic

A

not enough O2 carried on hemoglobin

29
Q

% of RBC in whole blood

A

hematocrit/packed cell volume

30
Q

mean corpuscular volume

A

PCV/RBC

fL or micrometer3

31
Q
A

normal

anemia (not enough)

polycythemia (too many)

32
Q

•1 g of Hb can carry ___ of O2 when fully saturated

A

1.34 mL

33
Q

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

A

Hb/RBC

pg/cell

34
Q

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

A

Hb/PCV

g/dL

35
Q

Three major causes of anemia

A

blood loss

early destruction of blood cells

making RBC incorrectly

36
Q

two main types of anemia

A

regenerative

non-regenerative

37
Q

regenerative anemia

A

something is killing RBC so body is making RBC more and releasing immature RBC to try to compensate for decrease in O2 carrying capacity

•Macrocytic (increased MCV) (too big)

•Increased reticulocyte count (immature RBC)

•Hypochromic (decreased MCHC)

•Examples•Hemolytic anemia•Hemorrhagic anemia

38
Q

Non-Regenerative Anemia

A

not producing RBC correctly

  • Normocytic or microcytic (MCV) (normal size or too small)
  • Normal or low reticulocyte count (low amount of immature RBC cause body is not making them)
  • Normochromic or hypochromic (MCHC)
  • Examples•Dietary anemia•Aplastic anemia•Renal anemia

22 spring: Physiology (34 decks)

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