Skull and Cranial Cavity Flashcards
The Scalp consists of five layers that form the acronym SCALP - what does this stand for?
- Skin
- Connective tissue (Dense)
- Aponeurotic layer
- Loose connective tissue
- Pericranium
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
- Skin
- Connective tissue (Dense)
- Aponeurotic layer
- Loose connective tissue
- Pericranium
Scalp extends over the …
Scalp extends over the neurocranium
Innervation to the scalp is from the … nerve and spinal … nerves
Innervation to the scalp is from the trigeminal nerve and spinal cutaneous nerves
How many bones of the skull?
22
How many bones make up the neurocranium?
8 (occipital, two temporal, two parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal)
How many bones make up the viscerocranium?
14 (two nasal conchae, two nasal bones, two maxilla, two palatine bones, two zygomatic bones, two lacrimal bones, vomer, mandible)
The neurocranium is comprised of eight bones: …, two temporal bones, two … bones, sphenoid, ethmoid, and the frontal bone.
The neurocranium is comprised of eight bones: occipital, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, sphenoid, ethmoid, and the frontal bone.
The neurocranium is comprised of eight bones: occipital, two … bones, two parietal bones, sphenoid, …, and the frontal bone.
The neurocranium is comprised of eight bones: occipital, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, sphenoid, ethmoid, and the frontal bone.
The viscerocranium (face) includes these bones: …, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 nasals, …, mandible, palatine, 2 zygomatics, and 2 lacrimals.
The viscerocranium (face) includes these bones: vomer, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 nasals, maxilla, mandible, palatine, 2 zygomatics, and 2 lacrimals.
The viscerocranium (face) includes these bones: vomer, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 nasals, maxilla, mandible, …, 2 zygomatics, and 2 …
The viscerocranium (face) includes these bones: vomer, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 nasals, maxilla, mandible, palatine, 2 zygomatics, and 2 lacrimals.
Foramina - Skull
- Foramina exist to allow for nerves, veins to leave the skull and for arteries to enter.
- Label the diagram
- Foramina exist to allow for nerves, veins to leave the skull and for arteries to enter.
Foramina - Skull
- Foramina exist to allow for nerves, veins to leave the skull and for arteries to enter.
- Label the diagram
- Foramina exist to allow for nerves, veins to leave the skull and for arteries to enter.
Foramina - Skull
- Foramina exist to allow for nerves, veins to leave the skull and for arteries to enter.
- Label the diagram
- Foramina exist to allow for nerves, veins to leave the skull and for arteries to enter.
Below is a table of the foramina of the skull - what does each foramina contain?
Below is a table of the foramina of the skull - what does each foramina contain?
Meninges - Skull
- Three layers: Outside to inside
- … Mater (2 layers)
- … Mater
- Pia Mater
- Three layers:
- Dura Mater (2 layers)
- Arachnoid Mater
- Pia Mater
Meninges - Skull
- Three layers: Outside to inside
- Dura Mater (2 layers)
- Arachnoid Mater
- … Mater
- Three layers:
- Dura Mater (2 layers)
- Arachnoid Mater
- Pia Mater
Role of the …: protection, support, network for blood vessels, form a fluid-filled cavity to cushion and nourish the brain
Role of the meninges: protection, support, network for blood vessels, form a fluid-filled cavity to cushion and nourish the brain
Label the diagram (Meninges - Skull)
Dura Mater
- Has how many layers?
- 2 Layers around the brain
- Endosteal layer (stuck to actual skull) - just lines the skull
- Meningeal layer - around the brain and spinal cord
Dura Mater
- What are the two layers?
- Endosteal layer (stuck to actual skull) - just lines the skull
- Meningeal layer - around the brain and spinal cord
The endosteal layer of the dura mater lines the …
skull
The meningeal layer of the dura mater is around the … and … …
brain and spinal cord
The blood supply to the dura mater is via which artery?
middle meningeal artery
The nerve supply to the dura mater is via…
CN 5, 10 C1-3 and sympathetic
What nerves supply the dura mater?
CN 5, 10 , C1-3 and sympathetic
Meningeal layer of Dura
- Arranged in a series of folds/septa which divide the cranial cavity. Folds or reflections prevent/restrict … of the brain
- … … – separates cerebral hemispheres
- Tentorium cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres
- Falx cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres
- Arranged in a series of folds/septa which divide the cranial cavity. Folds or reflections prevent/restrict movement of the brain
- Falx cerebri – separates cerebral hemispheres
- Tentorium cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres
- Falx cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres
Meningeal layer of Dura
- Arranged in a series of folds/septa which divide the cranial cavity. Folds or reflections prevent/restrict movement of the brain
- Falx cerebri – separates cerebral hemispheres
- … cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres
- Falx cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres
- Arranged in a series of folds/septa which divide the cranial cavity. Folds or reflections prevent/restrict movement of the brain
- Falx cerebri – separates cerebral hemispheres
- Tentorium cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres
- Falx cerebelli – separates cerebellar hemispheres
- The two dural layers are firmly attached to each other, except in places where they separate to enclose the dural venous …. In these places, the meningeal layer projects inward, towards the cerebral tissue, forming the fibrous septa that partially separate the cranial cavity. The fibrous septa within the cranium are the:
- … cerebri
- Tentorium cerebelli
- … cerebelli
- The two dural layers are firmly attached to each other, except in places where they separate to enclose the dural venous sinuses. In these places, the meningeal layer projects inward, towards the cerebral tissue, forming the fibrous septa that partially separate the cranial cavity. The fibrous septa within the cranium are the:
- Falx cerebri
- Tentorium cerebelli
- Falx cerebelli
Falx cerebri
- The falx cerebri is a meningeal projection of dura in the brain
- What does it seperate?
cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium cerebelli
- The tentorium cerebelli is a meningeal projection of dura in the brain
- What does it seperate?
separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres
Falx Cerebelli
- The falx cerebelli is a meningeal projection of dura in the brain
- What does it seperate?
cerebellar hemispheres
Meningeal Layer of Dura
- Label the septa shown
Arachnoid Mater
- Thin … layer between pia and dura
- Loosely applied layer with …
- All structures passing to / from brain pass through … space
- Thin avascular layer between pia and dura
- Loosely applied layer with projections
- All structures passing to / from brain pass through subarachnoid space
- subdural space above, subarachnoid space below
Arachnoid Mater
- Thin avascular layer between … and …
- … applied layer with projections
- All structures passing to / from brain pass through subarachnoid space
- Thin avascular layer between pia and dura
- Loosely applied layer with projections
- All structures passing to / from brain pass through subarachnoid space
Arachnoid mater and CSF
- Subarachnoid space - real space - contains … produced by choroid plexus in brain ventricles
- Provides buoyancy to brain protecting it from mechanical forces e.g. blow to skull
- … produced per day
- Arachnoid granulations affect the transfer of CSF to the venous sinuses - picked up by venous system and filtered by kidneys
- Subarachnoid space - real space - contains CSF produced by choroid plexus in brain ventricles
- Provides buoyancy to brain protecting it from mechanical forces e.g. blow to skull
- 500ml produced per day
- Arachnoid granulations affect the transfer of CSF to the venous sinuses - picked up by venous system and filtered by kidneys
Arachnoid mater and CSF
- Subarachnoid space - real space - contains CSF produced by choroid plexus in brain ventricles
- Provides … to brain protecting it from mechanical forces e.g. blow to skull
- 500ml produced per day
- Arachnoid … affect the transfer of CSF to the venous sinuses - picked up by venous system and filtered by …
- Subarachnoid space - real space - contains CSF produced by choroid plexus in brain ventricles
- Provides buoyancy to brain protecting it from mechanical forces e.g. blow to skull
- 500ml produced per day
- Arachnoid granulations affect the transfer of CSF to the venous sinuses - picked up by venous system and filtered by kidneys
Arachnoid mater and CSF
- Subarachnoid space - real space - contains CSF produced by … plexus in brain ventricles
- Provides buoyancy to brain protecting it from … forces e.g. blow to skull
- 500ml produced per day
- Arachnoid granulations affect the transfer of CSF to the venous sinuses - picked up by venous system and filtered by kidneys
- Subarachnoid space - real space - contains CSF produced by choroid plexus in brain ventricles
- Provides buoyancy to brain protecting it from mechanical forces e.g. blow to skull
- 500ml produced per day
- Arachnoid granulations affect the transfer of CSF to the venous sinuses - picked up by venous system and filtered by kidneys
Spinal cord meninges
- 3 layers (dura mater only has the … layer)
- Form part of covering of spinal nerve roots
- 3 layers (dura mater only has the meningeal layer)
- Form part of covering of spinal nerve roots
Spinal cord meninges
- … layers (dura mater only has the meningeal layer)
- Form part of covering of spinal nerve …
- 3 layers (dura mater only has the meningeal layer)
- Form part of covering of spinal nerve roots
Clinical application of Spinal Cord Meninges
- … is an infection and inflammation in the arachnoid and pia mater (the …)
- The infection may enter the subarachnoid space and enter the blood (Septicemia)
- Leptomeningitis is an infection and inflammation in the arachnoid and pia mater (the leptomeninges)
- The infection may enter the subarachnoid space and enter the blood (Septicemia)
Clinical application of Spinal Cord Meninges
- Leptomeningitis is an infection and inflammation in the arachnoid and pia mater (the leptomeninges)
- The infection may enter the … space and enter the blood (..)
- Leptomeningitis is an infection and inflammation in the arachnoid and pia mater (the leptomeninges)
- The infection may enter the subarachnoid space and enter the blood (Septicemia)
Label the diagram (Skull&cranial cavity)
Label the diagram (Skull&cranial cavity)
Superior sagittal sinus
- There are two sagittal sinuses that occupy the longitudinal cerebral fissure (midline between the … …).
- The superior sagittal sinus is the more superficial of the two sinuses.
- There are two sagittal sinuses that occupy the longitudinal cerebral fissure (midline between the cerebral hemispheres).
- The superior sagittal sinus is the more superficial of the two sinuses.
Inferior sagittal sinus
- Deep to the superior sagittal sinus lays an inferior sagittal sinus in the free border of the … cerebri, just dorsal to the corpus callosum.
- Deep to the superior sagittal sinus lays an inferior sagittal sinus in the free border of the falx cerebri, just dorsal to the corpus callosum.
Straight Sinus
- The straight sinus receives blood from the superior … veins and … sagittal sinus and drains into the confluence of sinuses.
- The straight sinus receives blood from the superior cerebellar veins and inferior sagittal sinus and drains into the confluence of sinuses.
Spenoparietal sinus
- The sphenoparietal sinus is one of the … venous sinuses and is located along the posteroinferior ridge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
- The sphenoparietal sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses and is located along the posteroinferior ridge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
Superior Petrosal Sinus
- The superior petrosal sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses and drains the … sinus
- The superior petrosal sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses and drains the cavernous sinus
Cavernous Sinus
- The cavernous sinus is located on either side of the … fossa and body of the sphenoid bone between the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.
- The cavernous sinus is located on either side of the pituitary fossa and body of the sphenoid bone between the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.
Transverse Sinus
- The left and right transverse sinuses travel in the base of the tentorium cerebelli, along the … bone. It communicates with the straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus and the occipital sinus at a point called the confluence of sinuses;
- The left and right transverse sinuses travel in the base of the tentorium cerebelli, along the occipital bone. It communicates with the straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus and the occipital sinus at a point called the confluence of sinuses;
Sigmoid Sinus
- Sigmoid sinuses are a paired, bilateral, s-shaped set of sinuses that course along the floor of the posterior cranial fossa.
- it forms a … bulb that enters the … foramen with CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus)and CN XI (accessory) as the … … vein.
- Sigmoid sinuses are a paired, bilateral, s-shaped set of sinuses that course along the floor of the posterior cranial fossa.
- it forms a jugular bulb that enters the jugular foramen with CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus)and CN XI (accessory) as the internal jugular vein.
Blood Supply to the Brain
- Brain is supplied by two main arteries: … … artery and the vertebral artery
- The branches … to form the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)
- Inside the skull there are two terminal branches: the anterior cerebral and … cerebral artery
- Vertebral arteries passes within cervical vertebrae and enter foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery
- Brain is supplied by two main arteries: Internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery
- The branches anastomose to form the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)
- Inside the skull there are two terminal branches: the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery
- Vertebral arteries passes within cervical vertebrae and enter foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery
Blood Supply to the Brain
- Brain is supplied by two main arteries: Internal carotid artery and the … artery
- The branches anastomose to form the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of …)
- Inside the skull there are two terminal branches: the … cerebral and middle cerebral artery
- Vertebral arteries passes within cervical vertebrae and enter foramen magnum where they unite to form the … artery
- Brain is supplied by two main arteries: Internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery
- The branches anastomose to form the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)
- Inside the skull there are two terminal branches: the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery
- Vertebral arteries passes within cervical vertebrae and enter foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery
Blood Supply to the Brain
- Brain is supplied by two main arteries: Internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery
- The branches anastomose to form the cerebral … circle (Circle of Willis)
- Inside the skull there are two terminal branches: the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery
- Vertebral arteries passes within cervical vertebrae and enter foramen … where they unite to form the … artery
- Brain is supplied by two main arteries: Internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery
- The branches anastomose to form the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)
- Inside the skull there are two terminal branches: the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery
- Vertebral arteries passes within cervical vertebrae and enter foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery
Cerebral arterial circle
- The Circle of Willis is formed by an anastomosis between 2 … … arteries (ICA) and 2 vertebral arteries
- The Circle of Willis is formed by an anastomosis between 2 internal Carotid arteries (ICA) and 2 vertebral arteries
The Circle of Willis is formed by an anastomosis between 2 internal Carotid arteries (ICA) and 2 … arteries
The Circle of Willis is formed by an anastomosis between 2 internal Carotid arteries (ICA) and 2 vertebral arteries
Arterial supply to the brain - Circle of Willis
- Anterior … arteries
- Anterior … artery
- … carotid artery
- Posterior communicating artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
- Anterior cerebral arteries
- Anterior communicating artery
- Internal carotid artery
- Posterior communicating artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
Arterial supply to the brain - Circle of Willis
- … cerebral arteries
- … communicating artery
- Internal carotid artery
- … communicating artery
- … cerebral artery
- Anterior cerebral arteries
- Anterior communicating artery
- Internal carotid artery
- Posterior communicating artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
Label the circle of willis
Label the circle of willis
Cerebral artery
- Each cerebral artery has it’s own pattern of supply to the brain
- The anterior cerebral supplying the … and … surfaces of the brain and … pole
- The middle cerebral supplying the lateral surfaces and temporal pole
- The posterior cerebral supplying the inferior surfaces and … pole
- Each cerebral artery has it’s own pattern of supply to the brain
- The anterior cerebral supplying the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole
- The middle cerebral supplying the lateral surfaces and temporal pole
- The posterior cerebral supplying the inferior surfaces and occipital pole
Cerebral artery
- Each cerebral artery has it’s own pattern of supply to the brain
- The anterior cerebral supplying the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole
- The middle cerebral supplying the … surfaces and … pole
- The posterior cerebral supplying the inferior surfaces and occipital pole
- Each cerebral artery has it’s own pattern of supply to the brain
- The anterior cerebral supplying the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole
- The middle cerebral supplying the lateral surfaces and temporal pole
- The posterior cerebral supplying the inferior surfaces and occipital pole
The posterior cerebral artery supplying the … surfaces and … pole
The posterior cerebral artery supplying the inferior surfaces and occipital pole
The anterior cerebral artery supplying the … and superior surfaces of the brain and … pole
The anterior cerebral artery supplying the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole
The middle cerebral artery supplying the … surfaces and … pole
The middle cerebral artery supplying the lateral surfaces and temporal pole
Arachnoid layer
