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Module 11 Richard > 11.5.2 Avionic Systems > Flashcards

11.5.2 Avionic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What sections can communications be divided in to

A

Aircraft communications

Radio

Accident communication

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2
Q

How far will VHF allow communication

A

200 nautical miles

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3
Q

What is the purpose of SATCOM

A

Allows worldwide communication via satellite

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4
Q

What is the Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Very High Frequency (VHF)

A

VLF - up to 30 KHz

VHF - 30KHz to 300GHz

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5
Q

What different types of loudspeaker is there in the cockpit

A
  • Hand held
  • Integrated microphone
  • Area microphone
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6
Q

What is the purpose of the audio switching in the cockpit

A

If the captains or first officers malfunctions it can be switched to a 3rd crew member

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7
Q

What is the flight inter phone used for

A

Communication between flight deck and crew

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8
Q

Where can ground crew connect to speak to the flight deck through an inter phone on the ground

A

The nose wheel

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9
Q

What system does a PA system work off in the aircraft

A

A priority system using high and low priority chimes to gain attention

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10
Q

How long does the analogue flight recorder record before the end of a flight

A

The last 30 mins

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11
Q

What components are inside a flight recorder

A

Area microphone
Underwater location beacon
Recorder
Control panel

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12
Q

The construction of a CRV is steel. How many g loads can it withstand

A

1000g loads

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13
Q

How many audio inputs does a CRV have

A

4 inputs

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14
Q

At what point will a voice recorder begin recording in an aircraft

A

As soon as the first engine is started

Shuts down 5 mins after engine shut down

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15
Q

What is the frequency used for the international emergency frequency

A

121.5MHz

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16
Q

What is the gap usually between two frequency channels

A

25KHz

760 frequencies available

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17
Q

In Europe more high flight levels are needed, what channel spacing is used

A

8.3KHz

More than 2000 channels

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18
Q

VHF systems have 3 systems. What is each for

A

System 1 - Captains voice
System 2 - First officer
System 3 - ACARS, can be used instead of others if system fails too

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19
Q

Where are the 3 VHF antennas on aircraft usually

A

No.1 and no.2 are on top of fuselage

No.3 on the bottom

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20
Q

What is the radio management panel used for

A

Selecting the VHF and HF radio

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21
Q

The radio management panel has two functions what are these

A

Left window - Active window, shows the operating frequency of the selected frequency

Right window - Standby window, shows the new selected window

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22
Q

If VHF system no.3 is selected what will be displayed

A

ACARS or DATA as no manual frequency needs to be selected for ACARS

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23
Q

What does a HF system consist of

A

Transceiver
Antenna
An antenna coupler - tunes antenna to correct frequency

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24
Q

What does a HF transmitter permit

A

Amplitude modulation
Transmission output power in the region of 200w-400w
Frequency range from 2MHz to 25MHz in steps 1 or 0.1KHz

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25
Q

On an RMP what does the SQL (squelch) knob control

A

Level of noise suppression

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26
Q

ACARS data transfer from air to ground is called what

A

Downlink

Ground to air is uplink

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27
Q

What type of automatic reports are ACARS able to produce

A 
OUT 
OFF
ENGINE REPORTS 
ON
IN
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28
Q

What manual ACARS messages can be sent to ATC

A 
Load sheet report 
Call request 
ATC request 
Report request 
Maintenance report 
Crew &
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29
Q

What 3 components does SATCOM consist of

A

Satellite
Aircraft earth station
Ground earth station

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30
Q

How long will an emergency locator transmitter last for

A

48 hour battery life

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31
Q

What types of emergency location transmitters are there

A

Fixed - Permanently on fuselage
Portable/fixed - Used on smaller aircraft
Portable - (buoyant) can be removed from life raft

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32
Q

What two radio navigation systems are there

A

Automatic direction finder ADF (Oldest system)

VHF omnidirectional range VOR (most common system)

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33
Q

What is ILS (Instrument Landing System) used for

A

Automatic landing in poor conditions

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34
Q

What are the 3 subsystems for ILS

A

Localiser
Glide slope
Marker beacon

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35
Q

What two types of chart can be used for aircrew navigation

A

ICAO charts

Enroute charts - Most commonly used on commercial flights

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36
Q

Which ICAO chart is used for small private aircraft

A

VFR - Good flight conditions with visual references

IFR - Bad weather no visual references (Commercial aircraft)

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37
Q

What is the difference between magnetic north and true magnetic north called

A

Variation (VAR)

Can be east or west

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38
Q

The direction of where the aircraft is pointing (heading) is measured what of true north

A

Clockwise

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39
Q

What is relative bearing

A

The direction of the aircraft to an object

Reference must be the longitudinal direction of the aircraft

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40
Q

What 3 ways can aircraft navigation tune

A

Manual
Automatic - via the FMS
Automatic - via nav control panel or radio management panel

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41
Q

What is an ADF

A

Automatic Direction Finder, radio navigational system that receives radio signals in the frequency band 190 - 1750KHz to the ground

42
Q

In terms of ADF what are non Directional beacons used for

A

Enroute navigation

43
Q

On an ADF system what is the loop antenna for

A

Used for approach

Usually located with ILS locator beacons

44
Q

On an ADF system what is the sense antenna responsible for

A

Receives the electric part of the wave and sends the sense signal to ADF receiver

45
Q

What is the purpose of an ADF receiver

A

Use both loop and sense signals to create relative bearing

46
Q

What 2 signals do VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) ground stations use

A

Reference signal - transmitted in all directions when the variable signal passes magnetic north

Variable signal

47
Q

What is an advantage and a disadvantage to Doppler VOR ground stations over conventional VOR

A

Advantage - Better performance in areas where there’s a better chance of signal reflection. Mountains

Disadvantage - more expensive

48
Q

What is ATIS

A

Automatic Terminal Information Services

VOR spoken audio at large airports transmit weather and traffic reports

49
Q

What is the localiser responsible for on an ILS system

A

Transmit 90-150Hz signals for lateral guidance which create two Directional lobes

50
Q

What two Directional lobes does the ILS localiser create

A

Left - 90 Hz

Right - 150 Hz

51
Q

What does 1 dot on the ILS indicator signify

A

1 degree offset to the localiser

52
Q

What two lobes will a glide slope transmit on a decent path

A

Upper - 90 Hz

Lower - 150 Hz

53
Q

On the glide slope, the upper and lower lobe are equal to the centre line with a slope of what

A

2.5 - 3 degrees

54
Q

Where are the glide slope antennas and localiser usually located on an aircraft

A

Under the nose, radome

55
Q

Why would some aircraft use the VOR antenna as the localiser

A

They share the same frequency range

56
Q

What does 1 dot usually equal on a glide slope deviation

A

0.35 degrees - 200ft

57
Q

What are the poor weather landing categories

A

CAT 1 - 800m of the runway visible at 200ft

CAT 2 - 400m of the runway at 100ft

CAT 3 - 200m of the runway below 100ft

58
Q

What is the appearance of a marker beacon

A

Cannot sharper antenna along the bottom centreline of the fuselage

59
Q

At what height will a radio altimeter begin to work

A

2500ft

60
Q

What frequency and output does the transceiver work off a radio altimeter

A

Between 4200 and 4400 MHz frequency with a power output of 100mw

61
Q

What is the ground proximity warning system for

A

Warn the crew when the aircraft becomes mistakingly too close to the ground

62
Q

What 3 methods will the ground prox warning system work by

A

Aural alert
Annunciator alert
Alert messages

63
Q

What advanced system will show the grounds terrain the the nav display

A

Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)

64
Q

What alert is shown when the aircraft comes into land with the wrong gear and flaps situation

A

Terrain clearance mode

“Too low gear”
(“Too low flaps”)

65
Q

How does the Terrain Awareness (TA) show terrain

A

Green, yellow and red dots

66
Q

What are pop up functions

A

Automatic Situation which happen when a situation becomes critical

‘Wind shear’
Terrain warning

67
Q

When will the TA (Terrain Awareness) system give a caution before the occurrence

A

When 60’seconds away

68
Q

When will the TA give a warning alert before entering terrain

A

30’seconds away

69
Q

What type of test level is Level 1 GPWS test

A

Go or NO Go

70
Q

How many levels of test is a GPWS rated on

A

6

71
Q

How does Distance Measurement Equipment (DME) operate

A

Uses the aircraft slant distance to the ground station and altitude combined create actual distance

72
Q

What does an interrogator do in a DME system

A

Located in row avionics bay, generates signal for transmission and makes distance calculation

73
Q

What system is identical to the DME antenna

A

ATC antenna, work off the same frequency

74
Q

How does the weather radar system work

A

Pulses a 180 degree sweep ahead of the aircraft and will reflect objects such as water droplets

75
Q

Where must a weather radar not be operated

A

On the ground as it creates the same effect as a microwave oven

76
Q

What 3 codes should never be selected on the ground on the ATC control panel as they are emergency codes

A

7500 - hijacking
7600 - radio fail
7700 - if aircraft is in emergency

77
Q

What is the purpose of TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System)

A

Protect airspace around TCAS aeroplanes

78
Q

How many aircraft does TCAS monitor

A

50

79
Q

What is the TAU area

A

The closest point of approach to the TCAS aeroplane

80
Q

What will happen if the aircraft reaches TA - TAU

A

“Traffic Traffic” alert

RA - TAU climb

81
Q

What will appear on the TCAS monitor when another aircraft is climbing or descending at a rate of more than 500ft/min

A

Arrow up/ arrow down

82
Q

What is a hollow diamond indication on TCAS monitor

A

Other traffic

83
Q

What is a solid diamond on the TCAS monitor on the ND

A

Proximate traffic

84
Q

What is a solid circle on the TCAS monitor

A

Traffic alert

85
Q

What is a solid square on the TCAS monitor

A

Resolution advisory

86
Q

What does GPS stand for

A

Global Positioning System

87
Q

How does GPS accurately gather an aircrafts position

A

Uses 4 GPS satellites

88
Q

How long does it take a GPS satellite to orbit earth

A

12 hours

89
Q

What GPS service is used by the military

A

Precise Positioning Service (PPS)

Standard Positioning Service is civilian aircraft

90
Q

What is the accuracy of Standard Positioning Service GPS and how can it be improved

A

15m

Differential GPS

91
Q

How does a differential GPS improve location accuracy

A

Reference station at airport calculates the positional error and the difference in the accurate location

92
Q

By how far does differential GPS improve precision

A

By 3m

93
Q

What is the purpose of FANS (Future Air Navigation System)

A

Used space based navigation and satellite to enhance communication from aircraft to ATC

94
Q

Future Air Navigation Systems will improve the situational awareness of ATC, why

A

Automatic transmission of flight data important for surveillance

Automatic Dependant Surveillance (ADS)

95
Q

What is a combination of heading and attitude referencing systems called

A

Inertial Stabilised System (ISS)

96
Q

What two types of gyro are there

A

2 gyros with 3 degrees of freedom

3 gyros with 2 degrees of freedom

97
Q

What is the most commonly used Gyro

A

Laser gyro

98
Q

In a laser gyro, what 2 things are proportional

A

Travel time and rotational speed

99
Q

What are the motions along the axis of the aircraft measured with

A

Accelerometer

Electrolyte, mass/spring, pendulum

100
Q

What is the preferred type of accelerometer

A

Pendulum

101
Q

What is the gimble platform in a Inertial Stabilised System

A

Always parallel to earth independent to the aircraft altitude

102
Q

What will the IRU require on the ground

A

A 10 minutes align phase

Module 11 Richard (19 decks)

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