8. Lower Extremity Skeleton Flashcards
What makes up the lower extremity
Pelvic girdle and lower limb
Pelvic girdle consists of
Os coxae
Lower limb consists of
Femur, tibia & fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Os coxa is formed by what
Ilium, ischium, and pubis all fused
True pelvis consists of
Pelvic viscera (e.g., bladder, rectum, uterus, prostate)
False pelvis
Abdominal viscera (e.g., intestines)
Features of the hip joint
Ball and socket joint found between head of femur and acetabulum of os coxa
Supported by 3 ligaments and many muscles
Dislocations are rare
Hip movements
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, medial rotation-lateral rotation
Characteristics of the patella
Larges sesamoid in body
Grows inside the tendon for the quadriceps
Articulates only with femur
Knee joint
Largest synovial joint in the body
Hinge joint found between distal femur and proximal tibia
Contains both internal ligaments and cartilage
Internal ligaments of the knee joint
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Cartilage of the knee joint
Medial meniscus and lateral meniscus
Why are knee injuries common?
Structure of knee joint does not provide great stability
Unhappy triad
Blow to lateral knee resulting in torn medial meniscus, torn ACL, and torn medial collateral ligament
Knee movements
Uniaxial hinge joint moves via flexion-extension
