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anatomy ii > The Blood Vessels > Flashcards

The Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What vessels have the highest pressure?

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What vessels have the lowest pressure?

A

Veins

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3
Q

3 histology layers of vessels

A

Tunica interna
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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4
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the endothelium

A

Simple squamous

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5
Q

What layer is thicker in arteries and why?

A

The tunica media, bc they need to withstand higher pressures

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6
Q

Define vasa vasorum

A

Large blood vessels that have their own blood supply

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7
Q

What is it called where the end of a arteriole that connects to a capillary?

A

Metarteriole

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8
Q

Arteriole have a huge impact on what?

A

Blood pressure in the body

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9
Q

Where is the only place where nutrient exchange happens?

A

The capillaries

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10
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

Sinusoidal
Continuous
Fenestrated

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11
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found? Why?

A

In most tissues except for cartilage & epithelium, bc there are no pores here
(Not very leaky at all)

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12
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found and why?

A

In the GI tract, kidneys, bc the rapid exchange of h20 and solutes
(Pores included so leaky)

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13
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found and why?

A

Found in the liver, bc large proteins need to pass
(Large pores, very leaky)

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14
Q

Define Vasomotion

A

Sphincters in the metarterioles that regulate capillary blood flow

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15
Q

Conditions that cause capillary sphincters to open

A

Low o2
High co2
High temp
Low pH

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16
Q

What vessels have the slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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17
Q

What vessels has the fastest blood flow

A

Aorta

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18
Q

At any time, where is the most blood found and how much

A

The veins, 60-65%

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19
Q

What layer is thicker in a vein and why?

A

The tunica externa, bc veins have extra elastic and collagen fibers bc veins are flexible

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20
Q

Purpose of valves in veins

A

Prevent back flow, follows direction

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21
Q

List 3 factors that help venous return in veins

A

Valves-prevent backflow
Respiration-changes thoracic and abdominal pressures
Skeletal muscle milking-contracting skeletal muscle to push blood to heart

22
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The force of blood on the walls of a blood vessel

23
Q

Pressure in aorta

A

100mmhg

24
Q

Pressure on pulmonary artery

A

12-16mmhg

25
Q

Pressure in arterioles

A

25-30mmhg

26
Q

Pressure in capillaries

A

11-22mmhg

27
Q

Pressure in veins

A

0-5mmhg

28
Q

How does blood vol. affect BP

A

Increases it

29
Q

How does cardiac output affect BP?

A

CO-inc = BP-inc

(BP-inc = CO-dec)

30
Q

Baroreceptor location? What happens if it detects low pressure?

A

In the carotid sinus and aorta, detects pressure of heart
When low pressure signaled, receptors reduce BP & HR

31
Q

Chemoreceptors location? What does it detect?

A

Located in the carotid bodies and aorta
Detects oxygen, co2 and H+

32
Q

Define peripheral resistance

A

Opposition of blood flow

33
Q

What 3 factors affect the TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE?

A

Vasomotor tone- constrict/dilation of arterioles
Viscosity of blood-thickness of blood
Blood vessel length- long vessels make blood flow slower

34
Q

Does sodium and epinephrine increase or decrease blood pressure?

A

Increase BP

35
Q

Pulse pressure formula

A

PP=systolic-diastolic

36
Q

MAP formula

A

MAP=DP+ PP/3

37
Q

Define hydrostatic pressure, normal @ artery end and venous end in mmhg

A

Pressure pushing out on the wall of the capillary
Artery end- 30mmhg
Venous end-15-18mmhg

38
Q

Define osmotic pressure, normal pressure in the capillary in mmhg?

A

Pressure pulling water into the capillary due to albumin and Na+ in the blood
Normal- 22-25mmhg

39
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Immune function
Fat absorption
Draining interstitial fluid

40
Q

How is albumin decrease in blood, what would happen is this occurred?

A

Cause malnutrition, cirrhosis, or anorexia
Decreased osmotic pressure would occur causing edema

41
Q

What would an irregular pulse indicate

A

Hardened arteries
Poor blood flow

42
Q

Why would a patient have a weak pulse

A

Low BP
bradycardia

43
Q

Name @ least 7 pulse points

A

Temporal
Common carotid
Brachial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior rival
Dorsalis pedis arteries

44
Q

Most common pulse points

A

Carotid, brachial

45
Q

Where does systemic circulation begin? End?

A

Aorta, right atrihm

46
Q

Where does the pulmonary circulation begin? End?

A

Pulmonary artery, left atrium

47
Q

Why is the circle of Willis an important anastomosis?

A

Connects internal carotid/ vertebral arteries (4), allows alternate blood flow to the brain

48
Q

Define shock

A

Failure of cardiovascular system to meet oxygen needs of tissues

49
Q

Septic shock?

A

Systemic bacterial infection

50
Q

Anaphylactic shock?

A

Systemic degranulation of basophils

51
Q

Hypovolemic shock?

A

Lack of fluid to the vessels

52
Q

3 steps of shock

A

Compensation- inc SNS
Decompensation- cardiovasc system cannot maintain CO
irreversible- measures cannot reverse cardiovascular flow to tissues

anatomy ii (9 decks)

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