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anatomy ii > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Define metaphase

A

Chromys line up alone equator of the cell

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2
Q

Define pro phase

A

Chromys become visible, nuclear membrane disappears

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3
Q

Define anaphase

A

Chromys split at the centromere and pull to opposite ends of the cell to create a spindle finer

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4
Q

Define telophase

A

Chromys reform chromatin and nuclear membrane recreates

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5
Q

What are the steps of meiosis

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telaphase

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6
Q

Define spermatogonia

A

Present at birth and undergo meiosis throughout life

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7
Q

Define oogonia

A

These are no longer present at birth for women

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8
Q

What 2 cells go under meiosis 1 in male/female

A

Primary spermatocyte/oocyte
Both are diploid

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9
Q

What’s spermiogenesis

A

Spermatids undergo changes after several weeks after meiosis

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10
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Meiosis + spermiogenesis

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11
Q

What is oogenesis

A

Meiosis(only competes if egg is fertilized)

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12
Q

Define broad ligament

A

Connects fallopian tubes, uterus and ovaries

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13
Q

Define ovarian ligaments

A

Connects the ovary to the uterus

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14
Q

What epithelium is in primordial follicles

A

Simple squamous

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15
Q

What cells are included in primary follicles? What epithelium is here?

A

Granulosa cells
Cuboidal epithelium

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16
Q

Whats the space that is now included in a secondary follicle

A

The antrum

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17
Q

What is the largest follicle called?

A

Graafian follicle or tertiary

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18
Q

What is the corona radiata

A

Where secondary oocyte and geanulosa cells fuse together

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19
Q

Primordial follicles stimulate after puberty due to what hormones

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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20
Q

Major hormone made by all follicles but the primordial?

A

FSH

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21
Q

3 phases in the ovarian cycle

A

Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal phas

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22
Q

What days are the follicular phase?
What hormone is responsible?

A

Day 1-13
FSH

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23
Q

Ovulation occurs on what day?
Bc what hormone?

A

Day 14
Increased LH

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24
Q

What hormone causes LH increased

A

Estrogen

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25
Q

What days are the luteal phase?

A

Day 15-28

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26
Q

What hormone does the corpus luteum make

A

Estrogen/progesterone

27
Q

How long is the corpus luteum active?

A

No implantation, 10-14 days

28
Q

Where does fertilization occur in the fallopian tube

A

Ampulla

29
Q

4 parts of the fallopian tube

A

Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

30
Q

What is the histology of the fallopian tube

A

Ciliated columnar

31
Q

Define anti flexed

A

Tilted anteriorly

32
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

33
Q

2 layers of the endometrium

A

Stratum functionalis/ basalis

34
Q

Phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Menstruation
Proliferation
Secretory

35
Q

Define menstruation phase

A

Days 1-5
Dec in estrogen and progesterone
Functionalis sloughed off

36
Q

Define proliferation phase

A

Days 6-14
Inc estrogen
Functionalis starts to grow

37
Q

Define secretory phase

A

Days 15-28
Inc estrogen/ progesterone
Increase functionalis

38
Q

Explain the role of estrogen in ovulation

A

Inc estrogen, causes LH surge

39
Q

What hormone keeps the corpus luteum active during pregnancy

A

Beta hCG

40
Q

Define fornix

A

Area around cervix

41
Q

What epithelium is in the vagina

A

Simple squamous with rugae for surface area

42
Q

Define prolactin

A

Maintains milk secretion

43
Q

Define Oxytocin

A

Helps with the flow of milk

44
Q

What are the layers surrounding the testes

A

Tunica vaginalis
Cremaster muscle

45
Q

What does the Dartos muscle do

A

Regulates temperature, makes them appear wrinkled

46
Q

What does the cremaster muscle do

A

Elevate or descend testes bc the temperature

47
Q

What’s the role of Sertoli cells

A

Provides nourishment for sperm

48
Q

Path of sperm

A

Seminiferous tubule
Rete testis
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

49
Q

Normal sperm made per day

A

500 mil

50
Q

What does LH do in males

A

Causes leydig cells to make testosterone

51
Q

How long is sperm in the epididymis

A

Can be there for months

52
Q

How long is the epididymis

A

6m long

53
Q

How long is the ductus deferens

A

18 inches

54
Q

The 2 ejaculatory ducts in the prostate are made by the merging of what 2 structures

A

vas deferens
Seminal vesicles

55
Q

Name the 3 urethras in a male

A

Prostatic
Membranous
Penile

56
Q

Where is the urethra found in the male

A

Corpus spongiosum

57
Q

How much of the sperm is seminal fluid

A

60%

58
Q

How much of the sperm is prostatic fluid

A

30%

59
Q

Define cowpers gland

A

Secretes fluid into urethra to neutralize urine

60
Q

Normal semen pH

A

7.2-8.0

61
Q

What NS controls erection

A

Parasympathetic

62
Q

In male/female what 2 glands help with lube

A

Cowpers-male
Bartholin-female

63
Q

What NS controls ejaculation

A

Sympathetic

64
Q

How do birth control pills work

A

They block the anterior pituitary so they don’t make LH & FSH

anatomy ii (9 decks)

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