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anatomy ii > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

How many times is blood filtered by the kidney

A

60 times a day

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2
Q

What wastes are released by the kidneys

A

H+
K+
Urea
Ammonia
Uric acid

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3
Q

3 layers of the kidney

A

Renal fascia
Adipose tissue
Randal capsule

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4
Q

What is include in the renal corpuscule

A

The glomerulus & bowman’s capsule

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5
Q

What part of the nephron does filtration occur

A

Renal corpuscle

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6
Q

What happens to the pressure in the glomerulus when the efferent arteriole constricts?

A

Pressure increases

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7
Q

What epithelium is in the PCT

A

Cuboidal with microvilli

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8
Q

Define ADH

A

Antidieuretic made when h20 is low
It increase the BP

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9
Q

Define aldosterone

A

Increases K+ absorption
Made when the BP Is low
Reabsorbs Na+

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10
Q

What part of the loop of Henley is water permeable?

A

The descending

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11
Q

Name 2 symporters

A

Glucose/Na+
Na+/K+/Cl

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12
Q

Name 2 anti porters

A

Na+/H+
Na+/K+

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13
Q

Name the origin of urea, uric acid, and creatinine

A

Urea- waste product of deamination
Uric acid- waste product of nucleic acid
Creatinine- waste product of muscle cells and phosphocreatinine

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14
Q

Name 2 parts of the JGA

A

Macula densa
Smooth muscle cells of the JGA

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15
Q

Where is renin made?

A

Kidneu

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16
Q

What does renin activate?

A

Angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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17
Q

What has high clearance in urine?

A

Urea bc it is secreted in urine

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18
Q

What does BUN stand for

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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19
Q

What is the disease called if someone does not make ADH

A

Diabetes insipidus

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20
Q

Histology layers of the ureter

A

Mucosa
Muscularis with inner long and outer circ
Adventitia

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21
Q

How much urine can the bladder hold?

A

500 mL

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22
Q

What nervous system is the detrusor muscle of the bladder interested from?

A

Parasympathetic

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23
Q

The internal sphincter is innervated by the ___ N.S
The external sphincter is innervated by the ___ N.S

A

Parasympathetic; somatic

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24
Q

Incontinence

A

Cannot hold urine

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25
Q

Retention

A

Cannot completely empty bladder

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26
Q

Where is Bacteria found in the reproductive systems

A

Bladder and urethra

27
Q

How long is the male/female urethra

A

7-8 inches
1-2 inches

28
Q

3 parts of the male urethra

A

Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

29
Q

Define anuria

A

Kidneys are producing less than 50mL/day of urine

30
Q

Oliguria

A

Small amounts of urine (500ml/day)

31
Q

Normal pH for urine

A

4.5-8

32
Q

Would hypertension increase or decrease urine output

A

It would increase the resistance which would decrease renal blood flow which leads to lower urine output

33
Q

Why do alcohol and caffeine cause polyuria

A

Blocks ADH causes more urine output

34
Q

When is renin made?

A

When BP is low

35
Q

What happens when there is an excess of glucose?

A

The extra glucose will spill into the urine causing glucosuria
OR diabetes mellitus

36
Q

2 types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

37
Q

5 functions of urinary system

A

Eliminate waste
Regulate blood vol
Regulate BP
regulate blood pH
Regulate electrolytes

38
Q

Why are pyramids striped

A

Bc the nephrons

39
Q

Define renal papilla

A

Collect all urine from collecting ducts and bring it to ureters

40
Q

Where in the kidney are real corpuscles located

A

In the cortex

41
Q

How many neurons are in 1 kidney

A

~ 1 million

42
Q

Name the parts of the nephron

A

Real corpuscle
PCT
loop of Henley
DCT
Collecting duct

43
Q

3 major functions of the nephron

A

Filter
Reabsorb
Secrete

44
Q

2 layers of bowman’s capsule

A

Parietal- simple squamous
Visceral- podocytes

45
Q

Significance of afferent & efferent arterioles

A

Afferent -brings deoxygenated blood from lungs to circulation
Efferent- take oxygenated blood from heart to the lungs

46
Q

3 parts of the endotheliar filtration membrane

A

Endothelial cells
Basement membrane
Podocytes in bowman’s capsule

47
Q

Histology of PCT

A

Cuboidal cells with microvilli

48
Q

Histology of descending loop of henle? Ascending loop of henle?

A

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal

49
Q

Histology of the DCT

A

Simple cuboidal no microvilli

50
Q

Function of the juxtamedullary apparatus

A

Controls BP

51
Q

4 effects of angiotensin II

A

Inc BP
Vasoconstriction
Inc aldosterone
Inc Na absorption

52
Q

Is filtration increased or decreased when the afferent article is dilated?

A

Increases

53
Q

Is filtration increased or decreased when the efferent article is dilated?

A

Decreased

54
Q

Substances that are filtered from the blood

A

99% of filtrate besides proteins bc they cannot fit through fenestrated capillaries

55
Q

Why aren’t proteins found in urine?

A

Proteins are not filtered bc they are too big. If there is a large trace in urine then there is a problem with the filtration membrane.

56
Q

When a patient cannot make ADH they have ____

A

Diabetes insipidus

57
Q

When a patient has too much glucose in their urine the probably have ____

A

Diabetes mellitus

58
Q

Substances secreted by kidney

A

H+
K+
Ammonia

59
Q

What hormone promotes K+ secretion

A

Aldosterone

60
Q

What is the significance of H+ secretion

A

Control the pH

61
Q

Epithelium in ureter

A

Transitional

62
Q

Histology of urethra

A

Transitional
Psuedostratified columnar
Stratified squamous

63
Q

Normal components of urine

A

Water
K
Na
H
Urea

anatomy ii (9 decks)

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