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Chaminade > Evolution AP Biology - Dubon > Flashcards

Evolution AP Biology - Dubon Flashcards

1
Q

evolution

A

genetic change in population over time

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2
Q

Fitness is determined by

A

ability to reproduce

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3
Q

Darwin

A

“father of evolution”, studied finches on Galapocos Islands

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4
Q

Rose Mary and Peter Grant expirement

A

recreate Darwin’s expirement, 1986 a drought occured and short beaked finches were fit

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5
Q

what determines evolution and what is fit?

A

environment

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6
Q

Natural Selection

A

Environment determines fitness

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7
Q

Artificial Selection

A

humans determine fitness (breeding)

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8
Q

LaMarck

A

had incorrect theory that offspring received favorable traits

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9
Q

Which kinds of populations are more sensitive to environmental and human created changes

A

small and homogeneous

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10
Q

Biotic factor

A

a living thing that affects the ecosystem

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11
Q

abiotic factor

A

a non living thing that affects the ecosystem

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12
Q

How do you tell a population is evolving?

A

Hardy-Weinberg equation

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13
Q

Selection pressure

A

the event that causes change in environment to affect a population

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14
Q

Main Dogma of Life

A

DNA-RNA-Protien

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15
Q

How do sexually reproducing organisms create genetic diversity?

A

crossing over during prophase I, random metaphase I alignment, random fertilization (2 unique gametes)

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16
Q

without genetic diversity, there is no

A

phenotyic variation

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17
Q

single nucleotide polymorphism increases

A

genetic diversity

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18
Q

MRSA

A

a form of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strain

19
Q

Antibiotic resistance example

A

an example that shows a population that is diverse will survive changes in the environment

20
Q

Global warming

A

environmental change that forces evolution, a small change can create a big difference

21
Q

Sickle RBC

A

carries O2 poorly, but resistant to malaria

22
Q

Normal RBC

A

carries O2 well, but dies to malaria

23
Q

Malaria/Sickle Cell Anemia

A

shows Heterozygote advantage as having both alleles is most fit compared to homozygous alleles

24
Q

Genetic Drift (microevolution)

A

variation in the next generation by chance

25
Q

Genetic Drift is significant in which populations?

A

smaller populations (think flipping a coin 10 vs 10,000 times)

26
Q

Gene flow

A

new alleles immigrate into one place, and emigrate becoming lost alleles

27
Q

Gene Allele Frequency

A

the % of a gene pool with a specific allele, always adds to 100, Hardy-Weinberg equation

28
Q

Speciation (macroevolution)

A

new species being formed, usually through isolation

29
Q

species

A

organisms that can mate and produce offspring

30
Q

Evidence for evolution

A

Comparative morphology (homologous/ analogous structures), comparative embryology, comparative genetics

31
Q

sympatric spectation

A

no physical barrier but reproductively isolated

32
Q

allopatric speciation

A

physical barrier and reproductively isolated (most common)

33
Q

Reproductive Isolation Mechanisms cause

A

speciation

34
Q

Temporal

A

occurs when two species mate at different times of the year

35
Q

Ecological

A

occurs when two species occupy different habitats

36
Q

Behavioral

A

Occurs when two species have different courtship behaviors

37
Q

Mechanical

A

Occurs when physical differences prevent copulation / pollination

38
Q

Hybrid Inviability

A

Hybrids are produced but fail to develop maturity

39
Q

Hybrid infertillity

A

Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes

40
Q

Hybrid breakdown

A

F1 hybrids are fertile, but F2 generation fails to develop properly

41
Q

The agents of evolution are

A

females

42
Q

Phyletic Gradualism

A

idea that evolution occurs at a slow but steady pace

43
Q

Punctuated Equilibrium

A

idea that most of the time species are stable but every now and then an event occurs that prompts rapid change

Chaminade (51 decks)

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