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chaminade > AP Word - Revolutions > Flashcards

AP Word - Revolutions Flashcards

1
Q

Denis Diderot

A

editor of the Encylopedie, compilation of knowledge

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2
Q

John Locke

A

one of first Enlightenment thinkers, social contract

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3
Q

Baron de onesquieu

A

argued with governent with three distinct branches

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4
Q

Volaire

A

decounced religious bigotry, critized Christianity, and argued for religious tolerance

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5
Q

Jean Jacques Roussea

A

argued for return to nature where society cannot corrupt

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6
Q

general will

A

civic impuleses of citizens seeking to pursue the common good within their community

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7
Q

social contract

A

voluntary agrement among people defining the relationship of individuals with one another and with government

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8
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Americans destined to expand to Pacific

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9
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

“Hands off” policy regarding European colonization in Americas; isolationist policy

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10
Q

Maximilien Robespierre and Jacobins

A

radical revolutionaries who did not want any king to rule France

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11
Q

Nationalis

A

intense belief in pride in one’s national culture which is associated in the territory in which they reside

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12
Q

Count Camillo di Cavour

A

leads nationalist government in Italy

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13
Q

King Victor Emmanuel II

A

Creates Parliamentary monarchy Problems; right to vote was limited to middle/upper class property holders; Catholics upset by new nation; disagreements over imperialism; lacked industry

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14
Q

Otto van Bismarck

A

Prime Minister of Prussia and leader of German Confederation led a series of wars to grow Prussian Power

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15
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

leads to French concession of Alsace and Lorraine ( Treaty of Frankfurt)

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16
Q

Willhelm I

A

Unified German states, King of Prussia and now German Emperor

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17
Q

Realpolitik

A

the politics of reality, based on practical concerns rather than theory or ethics

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18
Q

Decembrist Uprising

A

revolt of Western oriented and liberal army officers against conservatives Tsar Nicholas I

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19
Q

Sultan Selim III

A

attempted reforms to improve Ottoman administrative and military’s makeup, but angered Janissaries and officials; disposed and killed in 1807

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20
Q

Sultan Mahmud II

A

overthrew Janissaries with a secret army and European help; restarted Ottoman reform by utilizing Western models

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21
Q

Ottomanism

A

trend in 1870s-1880s in which loyalty to the sultan was replaced by loyalty to the Ottoman state

22
Q

Extraterritoriality

A

allowed Europeans in foreign cities to live according to European laws, not local laws

23
Q

Toussaint L’Overture

A

a free black man who led Haitian Revolution

24
Q

Jean Jacques Dessalines

A

lead a revolt following the capture of L-Overture

25
Q

1824 Mexican constitution

A

federalist, but still ignored the legal status of Indians, distributions of land, educational problems and impoverishment

26
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

wealthy creole military officer, led an independence movement against Spain out of Caracas in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, writes Jamaica Letter

27
Q

Jose de San Martin

A

calls for independence in the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plate grew

28
Q

Argentine republic

A

Led by Domingo F. Sarmiento; period of political stability and liberal control

29
Q

Dom Joao VI

A

ruled Portugal from Brazil until 1820

30
Q

Dom Pedro I

A

became constitutional emperor of Brazil after declaring Brazil independent

31
Q

Reasons Industrial Movement begins

A

Population Explosion, Enclosure movement, Agricultural Revolution, Commercial Revolution, and the Enlightenment

32
Q

factory system

A

factories were places where large numbers of workers used machines to manufacture goods

33
Q

mass production

A

the making of many identical items by dividing work into simple repetitive tasks

34
Q

Crimean War

A

fought on the Black Sea after Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire regarding Holy Land

35
Q

Tsar Alexander II

A

following defeat to Ottomans, agrees to reform Russia

36
Q

Redemption Payments

A

serfs had to buy land assigned to them from previous owner’s estates (Russia)

37
Q

zemstvoes

A

(local governments), regulated roads, schools, and polices for peasents (Russia)

38
Q

Trans-Siberian Railroad

A

connect European Russia with the Pacific

39
Q

Sergei Witte

A

Russian minister of finance supervised economic industrialization

40
Q

The “Social Question”

A

what is the governments responsibility in this area

41
Q

Muhammad Ali

A

emerged as khedive ruler of Egypt and broke away from direct Ottoman rule after French withdrawal

42
Q

Matthew Perry

A

aririved in Edo Bay and threatened bombardment if Americans were not allowed to trade in Japan

43
Q

Treaty of Kanagawa

A

Shogunate bureaucrats saw no alternative but to open Japan to the outside world, given West’s power

44
Q

Boshin War

A

imperial samurai (westernization) vs Shogunate troops (tradition)

45
Q

Meji Restoration

A

Emperor Meiji restored as imperial ruler

46
Q

capitalism

A

economic system based on the private ownership of captial goods and the means of production with the creation of goods and services for profit

47
Q

Adam Smith

A

Scottish philosopher, best known for book ‘The Wealth of Nations’ and is citied as “father of modern economics”

48
Q

Revisionism

A

Marx’s ideas were wrong and success regarding political/ societal harmony could be achieved by peaceful means’ support parliamentary monarchies to achieve goals

49
Q

Universal male suffrage

A

the vote for working-class men was achieved by the second half of the 19th century

50
Q

Labor unions

A

trade unions legalized in 1824 and fought for workers rights

51
Q

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chaminade (51 decks)

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