1.2-1.4 APES

Question 1

Biome

Answer 1

an area that shares a combination of avg. yearly temp. and precipitation (climate)

Question 2

Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (above 60 degrees latitude)

Answer 2

Boreal forest/taiga and tundra. Tundra is colder and dryer than Taiga, Taiga receives moderate rainfall.

Question 3

Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (30 to 60 degrees)

Answer 3

Temperate biomes and woodland/shrubland. All of these biomes have four seasons, and moderate average temperatures.

From most to least precipitation: temperate rainforest (high), temperate seasonal forest (moderate), woodland/shrubland (moderate),
temperate grassland (moderate).

Question 4

Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (0 to 30 degrees)

Answer 4

All tropical and hot temperate, but range in precipitation.

From most to least precipitation: tropical rainforest (high),
tropical seasonal forest/savannah (moderate),
Subtropical desert (low)

Question 5

Woodland/shrubland

Answer 5

Hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters

Question 6

Top 3 highest productivity terrestrial biomes

Answer 6

1. Tropical Rainforest
2. Temperate Seasonal Rainforest
3. Temperate Rainforest

Question 7

Medium productivity terrestrial biomes

Answer 7

Savannah, Taiga/Boreal Forest, Temperate Grassland

Question 8

Low productivity terrestrial biomes

Answer 8

Shrubland, Tundra, Desert

Question 9

Temperate grassland/cold desert

Answer 9

Cold, harsh winters and hot, dry summers

Question 10

Savannah

Answer 10

Distinct wet & dry seasons

Question 11

Intertidal zones

Answer 11

The coastline between low & high tide. Organisms need to adapt to crashing waves and exposure to sunlight during low tide (shells).

Question 12

Open Ocean

Answer 12

Low productivity - only algea and phytoplankton can survive most of ocean. So large that algea absorb a lot of the worlds CO2 and release a lot of the worlds O2

Question 13

Photic vs. Aphotic Zones

Answer 13

Photic zone = where sunlight can reach in ocean. Aphotic zone - where sunlight can’t reach in ocean

Question 14

Coral Reef

Answer 14

Most biodiverse ecosystem found in marine (ocean biomes.)
Mutualistic relationship between coral and algae - coral gives CO2 to algae, which algae use for energy which it gives to the coral

Question 15

Rivers vs. Lakes

Answer 15

Rivers = moving bodies of water, Lakes = still bodies of water

Question 16

Temperature vs. Flow

Answer 16

Warmer water holds more O2. Greater flow = more contact between water & air, allowing more oxygen to dissolve in water

Question 17

Littoral area of lake

Answer 17

shallow water w/ emergent plants

Question 18

Limnetic area of lake

Answer 18

where light can reach photosynthetic plants

Question 19

Profundal area of lake

Answer 19

Too deep for photosynthesis

Question 20

Benthic area of lake

Answer 20

murky bottom

Question 21

Wetlands

Answer 21

Freshwater, area of soil that’s fully saturated for at least part of the year, plants adapted to have roots that can live underwater

Question 22

Benefits of wetlands

Answer 22

Stores excess water,
Roots of plants filter pollutants from water draining through,
High plant growth due to nutrients and water in sediments

Question 23

Estuaries

Answer 23

Where bodies of rivers meet the sea. High productivity due to nutrients in sediments deposited.

Question 24

Carbon Sink

Answer 24

a carbon reservoir that stores more carbon than it releases (plants, soil, ocean algea)

Question 25

Carbon Source

Answer 25

processes that add carbon to the atmosphere (fossil fuels, deforestation, etc.)

Question 26

Photosynthesis

Answer 26

Removes CO2 from the atmosphere and converts it to glucose

Question 27

Cellular Respiration

Answer 27

Uses O2 to break down glucose into energy, releasing CO2 into atmosphere

Question 28

Ocean & Atmosphere Carbon

Answer 28

Photosynthetic organisms (algea, phytoplankton) & coral take carbon out of atmosphere for photosynthesis. Marine organisms that use cellular respiration release CO2 back into the atmosphere

Question 29

Sedimentation & Burial

Answer 29

Organic carbon, primarily from dead plants and animals, settles to the bottom of water bodies (like oceans and lakes) and gets buried within sediment layers

Question 30

Fossil Fuels

Answer 30

coal, oil, and natural gas are formed from fossilized remains of organic matter

Question 31

Desert (climograph)

Answer 31

No precipitation and high temperatures

Question 32

Grassland (climograph)

Answer 32

Little rain in winter and a lot in summer, with fluctuating temperatures

Question 33

Savannah (climograph)

Answer 33

Steady temperatures with clear dry and wet seasons

Question 34

Tropical Rainforest (climograph)

Answer 34

Very little change in temperature and high amounts of rainfall

Question 35

Taiga (climograph)

Answer 35

Low temperatures with high rainfall

Question 36

Shrubland (climograph)

Answer 36

High temperatures that don't flunctuate w/ dry summers and wet winters