Psych 4.4-4.7

Question 1

Display rules

Answer 1

The social and cultural norms that govern how and when individuals should express their emotions in different situations

Question 2

Universal emotions

Answer 2

Recognized and expressed across all human cultures (happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, etc.)

Question 3

Broaden-and-build theory

Answer 3

The broaden-and-build theory proposes a feedback loop between positive emotion, skills, and achievement

Question 4

Facial-feedback hypothesis

Answer 4

Facial expressions can influence and regulate our emotions

Question 5

Different ways emotion can arise

Answer 5

Stimuli to arousal to emotion. Stimuli to arousal and emotion. Stimuli to arousal + cognitive to emotion

Question 6

Emotion

Answer 6

A response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience, and thoughts and feelings.

Question 7

Incentive Theory

Answer 7

Motivated by external rewards or stimuli

Question 8

Instincts

Answer 8

Innate, automatic behaviors

Question 9

Approach-approach

Answer 9

Win-win

Question 10

Avoidance- Avoidance

Answer 10

Lesser of two evils

Question 11

Approach avoidance

Answer 11

A single even has both desirable and undesirable consequences

Question 12

Self-determination theory

Answer 12

Differences between 2 types of motivations: intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 13

Sensation seeking Theory

Answer 13

Need for excitement and new experiences. Four categories - Experience seeking, Thrill adventure seeking, Disinhibition, Boredom susceptibility

Question 14

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 14

Medium level arousal for peak performance

Question 15

Arousal theory

Answer 15

Motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal

Question 16

Drive reduction theory

Answer 16

Drives create an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy that need (maintain homeostasis)

Question 17

Ghrelin vs Leptin

Answer 17

Ghrelin signals hunger while Leptin signals fullness.

Question 18

Hypothalamus vs Pituitary Gland

Answer 18

Hypothalamus regulates hunger and satiety, while pituitary gland influences hormones related to metabolism

Question 19

Socio Cognitive Approach

Answer 19

Personal traits, behaviors, and environment have a large influence on personality

Question 20

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 20

How the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

Question 21

Self-Efficacy

Answer 21

A person’s belief in their ability to succeed in certain situations or accomplish a task

Question 22

Self-concept

Answer 22

An individual’s perception of themselves, including their beliefs values and identity

Question 23

Self-esteem

Answer 23

A person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value

Question 24

Trait view on personalities

Answer 24

The perspective that personality is composed of stable characteristics that influence personality

Question 25

Big Five Theory

Answer 25

A model that describes personality through five key traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 26

Openness

Answer 26

The degree to which a person is curious, imaginative, and open to new experiences.

Question 27

Conscientiousness

Answer 27

The level of organization, responsibility, and dependability a person exhibits.

Question 28

Extraversion

Answer 28

A personality trait characterized by sociability, energy, and a tendency to seek stimulation.

Question 29

Agreeableness

Answer 29

The extent to which a person is cooperative, compassionate, and trusting.

Question 30

Neuroticism

Answer 30

The degree to which a person experiences anxiety, mood swings, and emotional instability.

Question 31

Personality inventories

Answer 31

Standardized questionnaires used to assess personality traits and characteristics.

Question 32

Factor analysis

Answer 32

A statistical method used to identify clusters of related traits that make up personality.

Question 33

Psychodynamic View of Personality

Answer 33

Emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and inner conflicts on personality.

Question 34

Role of the Unconscious

Answer 34

The unconscious mind contains hidden thoughts, desires, and memories that influence behavior.

Question 35

Id vs superego

Answer 35

The id is impulsive and pleasure-seeking, while the superego is judgmental and morally correct.

Question 36

Denial

Answer 36

Refusing to accept reality or facts.

Question 37

Displacement

Answer 37

Shifting emotions from their original source to a safer target.

Question 38

Projection

Answer 38

Attributing one’s own unwanted thoughts or feelings to others.

Question 39

Rationalization

Answer 39

Justifying actions with logical but false explanations.

Question 40

Reaction formation

Answer 40

Acting in a way opposite to one’s true feelings.

Question 41

Regression

Answer 41

Reverting to an earlier stage of development when faced with stress.

Question 42

Repression

Answer 42

Pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious.

Question 43

Sublimation

Answer 43

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

Question 44

Projective tests to assess personality

Answer 44

Psychological tests that use ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 45

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 45

Focuses on personal growth, free will, and self-improvement.

Question 46

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 46

Accepting and valuing a person without conditions or judgment.

Question 47

Self-actualizing tendency

Answer 47

The drive to reach one’s fullest potential.