12: Sensory Reception Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the primary function of sensory receptors?
To detect information in the internal and external environments
Sensory receptors include photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors.
What type of receptors detect light?
Photoreceptors
Photoreceptors are responsible for vision and include rods and cones.
What do chemoreceptors detect?
Tastes, odours, and internal conditions such as blood pH and volume
Chemoreceptors are essential for taste and smell.
What is the function of thermoreceptors?
To detect temperature
Thermoreceptors help the body sense changes in temperature.
What functions do mechanoreceptors serve?
Hearing, balance, and coordination
Mechanoreceptors are involved in various sensory modalities.
Which parts of the eye direct light onto photoreceptor cells?
The cornea, lens, and humours
These structures are crucial for focusing light on the retina.
What type of images do rods produce?
Black and white images in dim light
Rods are more sensitive in low light conditions.
What type of images do cones produce?
Colour images in bright light
Cones are responsible for color vision and function best in bright conditions.
What transmits signals from rods and cones to the brain?
The optic nerve
The optic nerve carries visual information to the occipital lobe.
What is the role of the lens in the eye?
To accommodate and focus nearby or distant objects on the retina
The lens changes shape to adjust focus.
How are sound waves transmitted from the outer ear to the inner ear?
The outer ear transmits sound waves to the middle ear, which vibrates the tympanum
This process involves the amplification of sound waves by the bones of the middle ear.
What do hair cells in the cochlea detect?
Pressure waves in the fluid of the cochlea
Hair cells relay electrochemical messages to the brain via the auditory nerve.
What type of hearing loss can sometimes be treated with hearing aids?
Conduction deafness
Conduction deafness is caused by damage to the outer or middle ear.
Is noise-induced hearing loss easy to treat?
False
Noise-induced hearing loss results in the destruction of hair cells and is more difficult to treat.
What do hair cells in the semicircular canals allow for?
Rotational equilibrium (balance)
These hair cells are crucial for maintaining balance during movement.
What do hair cells in the utricle and saccule detect?
Gravitational equilibrium (balance)
These structures help the body sense its position relative to gravity.
What type of receptors detect tastes?
Chemoreceptors in the taste buds
Taste perception is largely dependent on these receptors.
How are smells detected?
By chemoreceptors in the nose
Olfactory receptors play a key role in the sense of smell.
What types of receptors does the skin contain?
Receptors for light touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold
These receptors help the nervous system maintain homeostasis.
What are the two types of photoreceptors found in the retina?
Rods and cones
Rods detect light, while cones detect color.
What is the role of cilia within the inner ear?
Detect sound waves and movement
These cells enable hearing and balance.
What type of receptors are responsible for detecting sensations?
Sensory receptors
These include photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and others.
What do olfactory receptors detect?
Over 10,000 different odours
These receptors are located in the nose.
What is the function of proprioceptors?
Help the body maintain balance
Found in muscles, joints, and tendons.
