13: Hormonal Regulation of Homeostasis

Question 1

What do the nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain?

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

What comprises the endocrine system?

Answer 2

hormones and endocrine glands

Question 3

How do endocrine glands release hormones?

Answer 3

directly into the bloodstream

Question 4

What are tropic hormones?

Answer 4

hormones that affect endocrine glands

Question 5

What do hormones bind to on target cells?

Answer 5

receptor proteins

Question 6

Give an example of a protein hormone.

Answer 6

insulin or hGH

Question 7

Give an example of a steroid hormone.

Answer 7

progesterone or testosterone

Question 8

What can initiate a chain of events in the nervous system?

Answer 8

stimuli such as stress

Question 9

What regulates many hormones?

Answer 9

negative feedback loops

Question 10

What happens in response to low blood pressure?

Answer 10

ADH secretion increases and water reabsorption by the kidneys increases

Question 11

What is the cycle of maintaining body fluids at a constant level called?

Answer 11

osmoregulation

Question 12

What links the nervous system to the endocrine system?

Answer 12

the hypothalamus

Question 13

What hormone does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 13

human growth hormone (hGH)

Question 14

What does hGH stimulate?

Answer 14

fat metabolism, protein synthesis, and bone and muscle growth

Question 15

What conditions can arise from imbalances in hGH?

Answer 15

pituitary dwarfism, gigantism, and acromegaly

Question 16

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 16

thyroxine and other hormones

Question 17

What can an underactive thyroid lead to?

Answer 17

hypothyroidism

Question 18

What can an active thyroid lead to?

Answer 18

hyperthyroidism

Question 19

What causes goiter?

Answer 19

insufficient iodine in the diet

Question 20

What regulates the secretion of thyroxine?

Answer 20

releasing hormones from the hypothalamus

Question 21

What do the four parathyroid glands regulate?

Answer 21

calcium levels

Question 22

What hormone do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 23

What initiates stress responses in response to stressors?

Answer 23

the sympathetic nervous system

Question 24

What does the short-term stress response include?

Answer 24

increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose

Question 25

What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla during a stress response?

Answer 25

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 26

What triggers the long-term stress response?

Answer 26

the hypothalamus secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 27

What does the adrenal cortex secrete in response to ACTH?

Answer 27

cortisol and aldosterone

Question 28

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 28

increases blood pressure and balances electrolytes in the blood

Question 29

What do the hormones of the pancreas regulate?

Answer 29

blood glucose levels

Question 30

What do the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete?

Answer 30

insulin

Question 31

What do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete?

Answer 31

glucagon

Question 32

What condition does Type 1 diabetes cause?

Answer 32

hyperglycemia

Question 33

What results in Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 33

insulin-resistance of the insulin target cells

Question 34

What hormone raises blood pressure?

Answer 34

Aldosterone ## Footnote Aldosterone is produced by the adrenal glands and helps regulate blood pressure.

Question 35

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for fight or flight?

Answer 35

Epinephrine and norepinephrine ## Footnote These hormones are crucial for the body's response to stress.

Question 36

What does cortisol do?

Answer 36

Produces energy and aids in repair ## Footnote Cortisol is a steroid hormone that plays a role in metabolism.

Question 37

Which system is composed of endocrine glands and hormones?

Answer 37

Endocrine System ## Footnote The endocrine system regulates various bodily functions through hormone secretion.

Question 38

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Answer 38

Regulates hormone release ## Footnote The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and maintains homeostasis.

Question 39

What gland produces growth hormone?

Answer 39

Pituitary gland ## Footnote Growth hormone promotes the growth of muscles and bones.

Question 40

What hormone is produced by the testis in males?

Answer 40

Testosterone ## Footnote Testosterone is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 41

What hormone is produced by the ovary in females?

Answer 41

Estrogen ## Footnote Estrogen regulates various functions in the female reproductive system.

Question 42

What hormone regulates blood calcium levels?

Answer 42

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ## Footnote PTH is produced by the parathyroid gland.

Question 43

What hormone increases water reabsorption?

Answer 43

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ## Footnote ADH is secreted by the pituitary gland and helps control water balance.

Question 44

Which hormone increases cell metabolism?

Answer 44

Thyroxine ## Footnote Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland and regulates metabolic processes.

Question 45

What hormones does the pancreas produce?

Answer 45

Insulin and glucagon ## Footnote These hormones regulate blood sugar levels.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The adrenal glands produce _______.

Answer 46

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and aldosterone ## Footnote These hormones are vital for stress response and metabolic regulation.