9: Excretion and the Interaction of Systems Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the metabolic activities of cells responsible for?
Producing substances that change the balance of the volume of water and the concentration and composition of dissolved substances in the body’s fluids.
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
To remove materials to maintain the optimal volume of water and composition of body fluids, dispose of wastes, and recycle non-waste substances.
List some substances removed by the excretory system.
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
- Ions of sodium (Na+)
- Ions of chloride (Cl-)
- Ions of hydrogen (H+)
- Compounds from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids.
How does the excretory system contribute to blood health?
It maintains the acid-base balance (pH) in the blood.
What are the organs of the excretory system?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra.
What are nephrons?
Tiny structures in the kidneys that filter out waste and reabsorb substances for reuse.
What is the filtrate produced by nephrons called?
Urine.
What is the pathway of urine from the kidneys to elimination?
Urine is sent through the ureters to the urinary bladder and eliminated through the urethra.
What are some disorders of the excretory system?
- Urinary tract infections
- Kidney stones
- Renal insufficiency.
What treatments may be required for renal insufficiency?
- Dialysis
- Kidney transplant.
Fill in the blank: The excretory system recycles _______ substances.
non-waste
True or False: The kidneys play a role in maintaining the acid-base balance in the body.
True.
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
Removes metabolic wastes from the body, maintains water and pH balance through filtration and secretion, and returns required solutes by reabsorption.
What process results in the movement of fluid from the glomerulus into the nephron?
Filtration
How are solutes reabsorbed in the nephron?
Across the wall of the nephron into the interstitial fluid by active transport and diffusion.
What is the role of solutes in the excretory system?
Transported back to the body for reuse or secreted into the filtrate for removal by excretion.
Fill in the blank: The excretory system utilizes filtration and secretion to help maintain _______.
homeostasis
What two concentrations does the excretory system regulate?
Water-salt concentrations and pH of blood.
What healthful practices support the excretory system?
Healthful lifestyle practices
What technologies may address disorders of the excretory system?
Renal dialysis and kidney transplant operations.
True or False: Solutes are always excreted and never reused by the body.
False
What is the function of Bowman’s capsule in the nephron?
Part of the nephron involved in the filtration process.
What type of blood vessels carry blood containing wastes to the kidneys?
Arteries
What is the filtrate composed of?
Fluid that has been filtered from the blood through the nephron.
