1200-1450 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Song China
-Civil service exam expanded use
-Split bc of Jurhcins in north
-Maritime trade begins
-Neo-Confucianism, mixed some more spiritual Buddhist things in
-Foot binding, filial piety
-Influence on neighboring regions
-Expanded great canal, helped commercialize
Types of Buddhism
Theravada- intense eightfold path, strict, skinny buda, only common with monks now
Mahayana- more adaptable, Bodhisattva, different types:
Chan Buddhism- in China, has some Daoist ideas, spread to Japan and became “Zen” Buddhism
Dar al-Islam
-Abassid caliphate falls leading to rise of Turkic empires (Seljuk, Mamluks, Delhi Sultanate)
-Delhi Sultanate was Islam, made you pay a tax if not, only real power in the North, never really expanded further because of Rajput Kingdoms
-Mamluks (Baibars)save the Muslim world by. moving scholarship to Cairo after Mongols sack Baghdad
-Learning, advancements in math (invented algebra and trig), preserving classical texts (eg in Al Andalus, Bagdhad , Cairo)
-House of Wisdom
-Sufis
South and Southeast Asia
-Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism
-Bhakti movement- combined Islam and Hinduism
-Sufism- chill Islam version, spread by missionaries
-Khmer Empire: Angkor Wat shows transition from Hinduism to Buddhism, cambodia now, money from farming the land
-Diasporic communities, Gujarat region in India
-SE Asia grew wealthy through trade a lot of the time
Americas
Aztecs:
-Human sacrifice was reason for expansion
-Tribute lists
-Decentralized
-Tenochtitlan
-Chinampas
-Continuity from Maya was decentralized nature
Inca:
-Road system with runners
-Qullqa storehouses
-“socialism”
-Mita system
-Terrace farming
-Centralized around cuzco
—-Good and bad, made it easy for Spanish takeover
-Quipu knot system
Africa
Mali- Mansa Musa, Timbuktu, gold-salt trade, spread of Islam
Great Zimbabwe- wealthy from gold exports, remained indigenous culturally/religiously
Ethiopia- widespread conversion to Christianity
East Africa- city states, swahili language (Bantu and Arabic), shipped things to India, China, etc
Europe
-Largely agricultural, coerced labor (serfs)
-Feudalism, decentralized monarchies, manorial system
-Magna Carta and Parliament
-Crusades
-Black Death
-Christian, except for Muslim Spain (diminished after Reconquista)
Silk Roads
-Trade cities like Samarkand and Kashgar (became cultural centers, Islamic)
-Forms of credit (led to banks in Europe), paper money, caravanserai
-Luxury goods from China
-Made safe by Mongols
-Made travelers like Ibn Battuta able to travel
Mongols
-Khanates (Golden Horde in Russia, Ilkhan in middle east, Yuan China, and Chagatai)
-Kubilai Khan, Yuan Dynasty
-Adopted Uyghur script
-Cultural spreading
-Spread Greek and Islamic medical knowledge to Europe
-Their takeover of Silk Road made it safe (stability)
Indian Ocean
-Technology: compass, astrolabe, Chinese Junk
-Fostered growth of states: Swahili city states, Malacca
-Diaspora
-Monsoon winds
-Zheng He voyage (sent by ming emperor Yonglo, increased Chinese power in IOTN)
Trans-Saharan
-Innovations like cammel saddles
-Mali rich through gold trade
-Islam spread
Cultural consequences of trade
-Spread of Hinduism and Buddhism to Southeast Asia
-Islam spread to Asia and Africa
-Things like gunpowder (spread to Muslim world and eventually Europe) and paper spread from China
-Travelers like Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo
Environmental consequences of trade
-Transfer of crops like champa rice (Vietnam to China) and bananas (southeast asia to africa with IOTN, led to powerful kingdoms)
-Diseases like Bubonic Plague spread
