1.2.2 GI Tract Organs II

Question 1

How do the circular folds of the jejunum compare to the ileum?

Answer 1

J - Large, tall and closely packed

I - Low and sparse; absent in the distal part

Question 2

What is Ileus?

Answer 2

A small bowl motility disorder that mimics obstruction

Paralytic Ileus - most common

No peristalsis

Question 3

What are the portions of the large intestine?

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the order by which food would pass through the GI tract?

Answer 4

Mouth ⇒ pharynx - esophagus - stomach - small intestine (D, J, I) - large intestine - anal canal

Question 5

What is appendicitis and appendectomy?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the difference between colectomy, ileostomy, and colostomy?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is a colonoscopy?

Answer 7

Question 8

The jejunum is located primarily in what quadrant?

Answer 8

The upper left

Question 9

What is the dentate (pectinate line)?

Answer 9

Comb shaped line that divides superior anal canal and inferior anal canal

Question 10

Where is the main nerve supply of the J and I?

Answer 10

T10 - pain will be perceived at paraumbilical region

Question 11

What is Ileal meckels diverticulum?

Answer 11

Most common congenital anomaly of gue

May contain 2 ectopic tissue - stomach mucosa and pancreatic

Bleeding (especially consider for GI bleeding in children less than 2 yo)

When inflammed pain can mimic appendicitis

Question 12

How does the vasa recta of the jejunum compare to the ileum?

Answer 12

J - Long

I - short

Question 13

What provides the blood supply to the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 13

superior mesenteric artery gives off to the left 15-18 branches of mesenteric arteries

Question 14

What are omental appendices?

Answer 14

Small fatty omentum - like projections

Question 15

What is the lymphatic drainage above and below the pectinate line?

Answer 15

Above - internal iliac lymph nodes

Below - inguinal lymph nodes

Question 16

The ileum is primarily in what quadrant?

Answer 16

Lower right

Question 17

Where is the veriform appendix located?

Answer 17

McBurney’s point

Question 18

How do the plicae compare between the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 18

J - abundant plicae and deeper folds

I - few plicae and smoother wall

Question 19

What is the gastrocolic ligament?

Answer 19

The portion of the greater omentum spanning between the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon

Question 20

What are hemorrhoids?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the veriform appendix?

Answer 21

A blind intestinal diverculum off cecum

Question 22

What vein collects from the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 22

Superior mesenteric vein collects blood to the hepatic portal vein

Question 23

What is Haustra?

Answer 23

Saccular protrusions between transverse folds

Question 24

Cecum is considered what?

Answer 24

Intraperitoneal - meaning no mesentery

Question 25

The start of the duodenojejunal junction is also known as?

Answer 25

Ligament of Treitz

Question 26

What level does the sigmoid colon become the rectum?

Answer 26

S3

Question 27

What parts of the colon are intraperitoneal? Retroperitoneal?

Answer 27

Intra - Cecum, Transverse, Sigmoid Retro - Ascending, Descending and rectum/anal canal

Question 28

Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage differences above and below the pectinate line.

Answer 28

Above - IMA (art) and portal vein (venous) Below - Internal iliac artery and inferior vena cava

Question 29

How does the wall of the jejunum compare to the Ileum?

Answer 29

J - Thick and heavy I - Thin and light

Question 30

What is diverticulosis?

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe the nerve innervation and epithelial coverage above and below the pectinate line

Answer 31

Above - visceral (nerve) and columnar epithelium Below - somatic (nerve) and keratinized

Question 32

What is this an image of?

Answer 32

Intussusception

Question 33

What is a volvulus?

Answer 33

A loop of bowel and mesentary abnormally twisted on itself

Question 34

How do the arcades in the jejunum compare to the ileum?

Answer 34

J - A few large loops I - Many short loops

Question 35

What is the mesentary?

Answer 35

Fan-shaped peritoneal fold that attaches jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 36

What are anal fissures and perianal abscesses?

Answer 36

Question 37

What are Taenia coli?

Answer 37

Three longitudinal muscle bands - not present in appendix and rectum

Question 38

What is Intussusception?

Answer 38

A part of the intestins has invaginated into another section of intestine. The part that prolapses into the other is usually called the intussusceptum.