High Yield

Question 1

The round ligament of Teres was embryonically?

Answer 1

Umbilical vein

Question 2

The median umbilical fold houses what?

Answer 2

Obliterated urachus

Question 3

The medial umbilical fold houses?

Answer 3

Obliterated umbilical arteries

Question 4

Lateral umbilical folds house what?

Answer 4

Inferior epigastric arteries

Question 5

The umbilical area lies at what dermatome?

Answer 5

T10

Question 6

What dermatome is the epigastrium at?

Answer 6

T7-9

Question 7

What dermatome is the inguinal ligament at?

Answer 7

L1

Question 8

What is a minor duodenal papilla secrete?

Answer 8

Pancreatic juices

Question 9

Major duodenal papilla secretes?

Answer 9

Bile and pancreatic juices

Question 10

What are the two types of ectopic tissues contained within a Meckel’s Diverticulum?

Answer 10

Stomach and pancreatic

Question 11

What is Murphy’s Sign?

Answer 11

Under the right costal margin - shows inflammed gall bladder

Question 12

Parasympathetic innervation is coordinated by what two areas?

Answer 12

Vagus nerve - foregut and midgut Pelvic splanchnic - hindgut

Question 13

What part of the duodenum is derived from foregut?

Answer 13

First and second

Question 14

What organs are derived from foregut, midgut and hindgut?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the distribution of the femoral nerve?

Answer 15

anterior thigh muscle

Question 16

Describe the innervation of the adrenal gland.

Answer 16

No parasympathetic

Sym - pre gang to medulla secrete adrenalin

Question 17

What are the characteristics of gastric lymphoma and GIST?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the characteristics of carcinoid tumor?

Answer 18

Clinically - facial flushing and tricuspid insufficiency

Secretion of serotonin and biogenic amines

Question 19

What is a good biomarker for colonic cancer for follow up but not diagnosis?

Answer 19

CEA

Question 20

What is secreted by carcinoid tumors?

Answer 20

POLYPEPTIDE biogenic amine

not steroidal

Question 21

Cirrhosis can lead to what results?

Answer 21

Decreased albumin

Esophageal varicies

Decreased degradation of estrogen

decreased breakdown of ammonia

Question 22

What are the characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis?

Answer 22

AMA+

Lymphocytic cholangitis

Chronic bile duct disease

Women 90% of time

Increased alk phos and GGT

Florid duct

Question 23

What are the characteristics of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

Answer 23

Increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma

Men more than women

P-ANCA

Associated with UC

Question 24

What are the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma?

Answer 24

Associated with PSC and thorotrast exposure

Adenocarcinoma - gland forming

Question 25

Aflatoxin B puts a person at increased risk for what?

Answer 25

HCC

Question 26

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is most often associated with what genetic mutation?

Answer 26

KRAS

Question 27

HCC is most commonly associated with what genetic mutation?

Answer 27

B-catenin

Question 28

Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with what exposure?

Answer 28

Thorotrast

Question 29

Hep B has what type of transmission?

Answer 29

Vertical or blood

Question 30

What is the most common risk for HepC?

Answer 30

IV droogs

Question 31

Most common exposure for HepA?

Answer 31

Shellfish and fecal oral route

Question 32

What bacteria is on poultry?

Answer 32

Salmonella

Question 33

Taking a ton of asprin can put a person at risk for what?

Answer 33

Acute gastritis - PGE2 inhibitor

Question 34

Lower 1/3rd of esophagus and associated GERD

Answer 34

Adenocarcinoma

Question 35

Drinking and smoking associated with upper part of esophagus?

Answer 35

Squamous

Question 36

What is type of person to be affected by hepatic adenoma?

Answer 36

Young women using oral contraceptives

Question 37

Exposure to what can yield angiosarcoma?

Answer 37

Vinyl chloride and thorotrast

Question 38

What does the urorectal septum do?

Answer 38

Divides the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and primitave "something"

Question 39

Mallory bodies are derived from what?

Answer 39

Keratin intermediate filaments

Question 40

Meissners plexus in the submucosa is in charge of what?

Answer 40

Luminal size and blood flow

Question 41

Auerbachs plexus is in charge of what?

Answer 41

Peristalsis - ME

Question 42

What are the characteristics of Sjorgerns syndrome?

Answer 42

Positive ANA and failure to reabsorb Na

Question 43

What is the regulator of salivary secretions?

Answer 43

Autonomic nervous system

Question 44

Left testicular vein drains into where?

Answer 44

Left renal vein

Question 45

Right testicular vein drains into where?

Answer 45

IVC

Question 46

Kufper cells come from where?

Answer 46

Mesoderm

Question 47

What is the normal rotation of the midgut?

Answer 47

270 degrees counterclockwise

Question 48

What sugar isnt sodium dependent?

Answer 48

Fructose

Question 49

Saliva is what to plasma?

Answer 49

Hypotonic

Question 50

What accounts for the LES state?

Answer 50

Tonic contraction due to intrinsic properties

Question 51

Ileal inflammation leads to?

Answer 51

Decreased absorption of B12, fat and bile acid

Question 52

Acid reflux can do what to the esophagus?

Answer 52

Secondary peristaltic contractions

Question 53

What is the sodium-glucose transporter in the intestine?

Answer 53

SGLT1

Question 54

Removal of the gut flora can do what?

Answer 54

Increase blood nitrogen

Question 55

Intrinsic factor binds to B12 where?

Answer 55

Duodenum

Question 56

What happens in dumping syndrome?

Answer 56

Too quick of release of contents from stomach - rapid insulin release and hypoglycemia

Question 57

Lack of pancreatic lipase will have what affect?

Answer 57

Decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins Steatorrhea