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Biology 2 > Chapter 42: Circulation And Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Chapter 42: Circulation And Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

Small molecules can move between cells and their surroundings by

A

Diffusion

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2
Q

Random thermal motion

A

Diffusion

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3
Q

Diffusion is only efficient over ________ distances

A

Small

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4
Q

In most animals, the circulatory system is functionally linked to the ___________ ___ ______ with the environment and with body cells

A

Exchange of gases

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5
Q

Some animals lack a ___________ system

A

Circulatory

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6
Q

Cnidarians have elaborate _____________ __________

A

Gastrovascular cavities

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7
Q

Gastrovascular cavities function in _________ and __________ of substances throughout the body

A

Digestion; distribution

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8
Q

The body wall that encloses the gastrovascular cavity is only ___ cells thick

A

2

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9
Q

What specimen have a gastrovascular cavity?

A

Flatworms

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10
Q

What 2 things do Flatworms have that minimize diffusion distances

A

Flat bodies; gastrovascular cavity

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11
Q

What 3 things do circulatory systems have?

A

Circulatory fluid
Set of interconnecting vessels
Muscular pump, the heart

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12
Q

The circulatory system connects the ________ that surrounds cells with ________ that exchange gases, absorbs nutrients, and dispose of wastes

A

Fluid; organs

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13
Q

Circulatory systems can be _______ or _________

A

Open; closed

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14
Q

In _________, other arthropods, and some molluscs, have circulatory fluid called __________

A

Insects; Hemolymph

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15
Q

Bathes the organs directly in an open circulatory system

A

Hemolymph

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16
Q

Hemolymph is a part of a ______ circulatory system

A

Open

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17
Q

Blood is a part of a ________ circulatory system

A

Closed

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18
Q

Is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid

A

Blood

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19
Q

Name 3 groups that have closed circulatory systems

A

Annelids
Cephalopods
Vertebrates

20
Q

Allow organisms to use less energy than needed

A

Open systems

21
Q

Allow organisms to grow larger

A

Closed systems

22
Q

Allow organisms to be more active due to effective delivery of oxygen and nutrients

A

Closed system

23
Q

Regulate the distribution of blood to different organs

A

Closed system

24
Q

What is a closed circulatory system in humans and some vertebrates called?

A

Cardiovascular system

25
Q

What does the cardiovascular system include?

A

Heart
Blood vessels

26
Q

What are the 3 main types of blood vessels

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

27
Q

Blood flows ______ way in these vessels

A

One

28
Q

Arteries branch into _________ and carry blood ______ ______ the heart to __________

A

Arterioles; away from; capillaries

29
Q

AKA network of capillaries

A

Capillary beds

30
Q

Sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid

A

Capillary beds

31
Q

Capillary beds have chemical exchange between the _____ and ________ ________

A

Blood; interstitial fluid

32
Q

_______ converge into veins

A

Venules

33
Q

Return blood from capillaries to the heart

A

Veins

34
Q

What are distinguished by the direction of blood flow, not by ____ content

A

Arteries; veins; O2

35
Q

Vertebrates hearts contain ____ or more chambers

A

2

36
Q

Blood enters through _______ and is pumped out through ____________

A

Atria; ventricles

37
Q

Sharks, rays, and bony fish have _________ circulation with a ____-chambered heart

A

Single; 2

38
Q

In single circulation, blood leaving the heart passes through ____ capillary beds before returning

A

2

39
Q

What groups have double circulation?

A

Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals

40
Q

In double circulation, oxygen-poor blood is pumped from the _______ side of the heart in ___ circuit

A

Right; 1

41
Q

In double circulation; oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the _____ side of the heart in a _________ circuit

A

Left; separate

42
Q

Oxygen-poor blood flows through the __________ ________ to pick up oxygen through the _______

A

Pulmonary circuit; lungs

43
Q

What group(s) have oxygen-poor blood flow through pulmonary circuit

A

Reptiles and mammals

44
Q

Oxygen-poor blood flows through the __________ ________ to pick up oxygen through the _______ and ________

A

Pulmocutaneous circuit; lungs; skin

45
Q

What group(s) have oxygen-poor blood flow through pulmocutaneous circuit

A

Amphibians

46
Q

Oxygen-rich blood delivers oxygen through the _______ circuit

A

Systemic

47
Q

___________ circulation maintains higher blood pressure in the organs than does _________ circulation

A

Double; single

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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