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Nutrition > old exam questions for nutrition final > Flashcards

old exam questions for nutrition final Flashcards

1
Q

list 4 of of the 5 properties of water discussed in class

A

high specific heat
high enthalpy
high dielectric constant
high heat of vaporization

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2
Q

list the two main locations of water in the body of an animal

A

extracellular
intracellular

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3
Q

fatty acids have two ends, what are they

A

carboxylic acid– head -COOH
methyl end–tail–CH3

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4
Q

glucose is completely metabolized into 38 ATP. This process has three stages, what are they

A

glycolysis
TCA cycle
electron transport cycle

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5
Q

what is the relative proportion of ATP that is produced in the electron transport chain

A

60-70%
(greater than 60%)

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6
Q

list the substrates used to generate ATPs in the electron stage

A

NADH
FADH2

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7
Q

VFA: acetate

A

high proportion of VFA produced
highest contribution of heat increment

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8
Q

VFA: propionate

A

medium proportion of VFA produced
lowest contribution of heat increment

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9
Q

VFA: butyrate

A

lowest proportion of VFA produced
medium contribution of heat increment

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10
Q

relationship between ATP and phosphocreatine

A

ATP:
compound of body that traps energy and releases it when needed
high energy phosphate bond

Phosphocreatine:
in muscle with little ATP
high energy phosphate bond
used to replenish ATP
ATP made in muscle
new ATP made from phosphorus

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11
Q

acidic amino acid

A

aspartic acid
glutamic acid

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12
Q

sulfur-containing amino acid

A

cysteine
methionine

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13
Q

neutral amino acids

A

glycine
serine

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14
Q

basic amino acids

A

arginine
lysine

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15
Q

aromatic amino acids

A

tyrosine
phenylalanine

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16
Q

water released during post absorptive use of nutrients is known as

A

metabolic water

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17
Q

does decreasing the salt content of the diet by .3% compared to regular salt content does what to water intake

A

no change

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18
Q

does a drop in outdoor temp to 55 from 95 degrees increase or decrease water intake

A

decrease

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19
Q

a dairy cow that produced 70lb of milk per day compared to 50lb of milk has an increased or decreased need of water

A

increased

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20
Q

a non-pregnant animal compared to a pregnant animal has an increased or decreased water need

A

decreased

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21
Q

what facilitates greater digestibility of fats/fatty acids

A

shorter chain length
more double bonds
more bile salts

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22
Q

name the 3M’s and the 3D’s

A

Meat
Molasses
Meal (corn)

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia

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23
Q

Cyanocobalamin is another name for

A

vitamin B12

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24
Q

folic acid deficiency is mostly produced by simple dietary deficiency T/F

A

false

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25
Q

what vitamin is stable in acid rather than alkaline

A

vitamin C

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26
Q

pellegra (in man) or black tongue disease in dog is a deficiency symptom of

A

niacin

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27
Q

are vitamins organic or inorganic

A

organic

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28
Q

this group of anima requires a dietary source of folic acid

A

poultry

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29
Q

one of the functions of this mineral and vitamin E is similar to

A

selenium

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30
Q

define THFA

A

tetrahydrofolic acid: a version of folic acid that serves as a biological carrier of C1

the active ingredient in folic acid

intermediate in histidine metabolism

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31
Q

serves as a donor of methyl

A

choline

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32
Q

serves as a prosthetic group for a series of enxymes that incorporate CO2 into organic linkage

A

biotin

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33
Q

constituent of coenzyme A

A

pantothenic acid

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34
Q

tyrosine metabolism

A

vitamin C

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35
Q

antimetabolite of vitamin K

A

dicumarol

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36
Q

antivitamin of vitamin B1

A

pyrithiamine

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37
Q

hydroxylation of proline

A

vitamin C

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38
Q

animal protein factor

A

intrinsic factor

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39
Q

are B vitamins dietary essential for cows

A

no
once they develop a functioning rumen, the rumen can produce them

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40
Q

are B vitamins dietary essential for horses

A

yes
most activity occurs in the hindgut= too late to absorb

41
Q

are B vitamins dietary essential for cats

A

yes
not much bacteria prior to large intestine, true carnivore

42
Q

are B vitamins dietary essential for rabbits

A

no
rely on feces eating, wont really absorb unless they eat

43
Q

what nature of the diet do you think could stimulate high volume of saliva production

A

dry matter feed

44
Q

what is the importance of high volume of saliva production in ruminant animals

A

saliva acts as a lubricant and buffer allowing food to pass easier

keeps pH to stay in correct range

45
Q

the 4 GI peptide hormones

A

gastrin
secreting
CCK
somatostatin

46
Q

origin and function of gastrin

A

pyloric antrum of stomach/ abomasum

stimulate acid secretion by gastric glands

47
Q

origin and function of secretin

A

duodenal mucosa

stimulate bicarbonate

48
Q

origin and function of CCK

A

duodenal mucosa and brain

contract gallbladder and pancreas

inhibit gastric secretion

49
Q

origin and function of somatostatin

A

duodenum
nerve cells of GI

inhibit gastrin, secretin, CCK, ion transport

50
Q

enzyme for maltose, lactose, sucrose

A

maltase
lactase
sucrase

51
Q

maltose is composed of

A

glucose
glucose

52
Q

lactose is composed of

A

glucose
galactose

53
Q

sucrose is composed of

A

glucose
fructose

54
Q

types of digestion

A

fermentation
simple hydrolytic

55
Q

animals that perform fermentation

A

cattle
sheep

56
Q

animals that perform simple hydrolytic digestion

A

dog
pig

57
Q

function of the esophageal groove

A

allows milk to go straight to abomasum

58
Q

in what group do esophageal grooves found

A

young ruminants

59
Q

class of nutrients

A

protein
lipids
water
vitamin
carbs
minerals

60
Q

what are feed additives

A

Various nonnutritive substances added to a ration
to:
1.Stimulate growth or other types of performance.
2.Improvement of feed utilization or feed efficiency.
3.Improving the health of the animal.

61
Q

what are mycotoxins

A

toxins that are produced by certain molds

62
Q

T/F molds are anaerobic multicellular organisms

A

false; aerobic

63
Q

T/F bacteria growth requires less available water vs. mold growth

A

false; more

64
Q

T/F all molds produce mycotoxins

A

false

65
Q

T/F FDA regulates the usage levels of allowable combinations of exogenous enzymes supplementation

A

false

66
Q

T/F in general, most feed additives produce their response in young, rapidly growing animals

A

true

67
Q

what kind of animals GI tract is this

A

dog

68
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

rabbit

69
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

sheep

70
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

pig

71
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

pony

72
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

kangaroo

73
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

rat

74
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

mink

75
Q

what animals GI tract is this

A

dog

76
Q

this calls of nutrients are all inorganic

A

minerals

77
Q

on as is basis like fresh ground meat, water is the most abundant class of nutrient (in %) in the animals body T/F

A

True

78
Q

as a plant matures, dry matter decreases T/F

A

false

79
Q

the midgut consist of

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

80
Q

gastric secretion consist of

A

HCl and pepsinogen

81
Q

oxalacetate

A

TCA

82
Q

succinate

A

TCA

83
Q

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

glycolysis

84
Q

alpha-ketoglutarate

A

TCA

85
Q

phosphoenol pyruvate

A

glycolysis

86
Q

1,3 biphosphoglycerate

A

glycolysis

87
Q

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

A

glycolysis

88
Q

citric acid

A

TCA

89
Q

malate

A

TCA

90
Q

pyruvate

A

glycolysis

91
Q

aldolase

A

glycolysis

92
Q

enolase

A

glycolysis

93
Q

citrate synthase

A

TCA

94
Q

glucokinase

A

glycolysis

95
Q

succinate dehydrogenase

A

TCA

96
Q

triose phosphate isomerase

A

glycolysis

97
Q

succinyl CoA synthase

A

TCA

98
Q

the fundamental difference between feces and excreta

A

excreta has uric acid

99
Q

newer cells are produced in the _____ at the base of the villus and as these cells mature, they migrate to the top. During migrations these cells differentiate into goblet cells. What do goblet cells produce?

A

crypt

mucin

Nutrition (14 decks)

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